Hujan asam dan perubahan kualitas air sumur di wilayah industri (studi kasus di Wilayah Industri Cibinong-Citeureup Kabupaten Bogor)

Abstract

The industrial area of Cibinong-Citeureup Bogor is crowded with transportation, has dusty atmosphere, has many industries, and has been experienced acid rain in 2008. Total of industries are 2944 units and the population density is 4131 people km-2. About 75.63 % of people in this area consume well water for drinking. Acid rain intensity and distribution was studied to map and to calculate the rate of well water quality degradation. Well water quality was monitored from the year of 1995, 1999, 2001, 2006, 2008, and 2009. The quality of rain water was monitored from the year of 1999, 2001, 2006, 2008, and 2009. The parameters studied were: pH, NO3-, SO4=, Fe, and Ca. The rain water was collected from 16 locations for the first 30 minutes of rain fall onset. The well water was sampled from 16 locations. The result showed that the pattern of acid rain was distributed into two categories: The first, is the area that has experience continuous high intensity acid rain (pH<5.0) covering ±1800 ha, whilst the second is the area that has rarely experienced high intensity acid rain. In the first area category the acid rain has influenced the well water quality degradation. The pH of acid rain has influenced the well water acidity. The NO3- concentration in well water was increased significantly (Fcal 1.61<Ftable; P 0.193<α 0.05). On the contrary, the concentration of SO4= in well water decreases although was not significantly different (Fcal 0.73<Ttable , and P 0.540 > α0.05). Furthermore, the Fe and Ca of well water was increased significantly (P 0.049 for Fe and P 0.001 for Ca) from 1999 to 2009. In the second category area the acid rain has not influenced the well water quality.

Penelitian hujan asam dan perubahan kualitas air sumur ini telah dilakukan secara teratur selama 3 tahun dan melibatkan data sekunder tahun 1999 dan 2001 secara tidak berkesinambungan. Lokasi penelitian adalah wilayah industri Cibinong-Citeureup Bogor merupakan wilayah yang padat industri dan transportasi, berdebu, serta padat penduduk. Kerapatan penduduk di wilayah ini mencapai 4.131 jiwa km-2. Sekitar 75,63% penduduk di wilayah ini memanfaatkan air sumur sebagai sumber air minum. Hujan asam telah terjadi di wilayah ini dan dikhawatirkan berpengaruh buruk terhadap kualitas air sumur penduduk. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan: (1) monitoring hujan asam, dan monitoring kualitas air sumur; (2) menentukan persamaan kecenderungan perubahan intensitas hujan asam dan pola degradasi kualitas air sumur; (3) menentukan tingkat korelasi antara peningkatan intensitas hujan asam dan perubahan kualitas air sumur; (4) memetakan distribusi intensitas hujan asam; dan (5) menemukan persamaan laju pengasaman air sumur dan persamaan peningkatan polutan dalam air sumur akibat hujan asam di wilayah industri Cibinong-Citeureup Kabupaten Bogor dengan wilayah penelitian ±100km2