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      Studi morfologi bunga, penyerbukan dan perkembangan buah sebagai dasar pengendalian mutu buah pepaya IPB

      Study on flower morphology, pollination and fruit development of IPB’s papaya for fruit quality control

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      Date
      2011
      Author
      Suketi, Ketty
      Poerwanto, Roedhy
      Sujiprihati, Sriani
      Sobir
      Widodo, Winarso D.
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      Abstract
      The purpose of this study were to identify the mechanism of flowering and fruit development of IPB’s papaya for fruit quality control. This experiments were consisted study of: papaya flower morphology, papaya pollen viability and pollen tube growth, pollination and fruit development, and papaya fruit quality for papaya fruit quality control. The general conclusion from this study is that information about pollination and flower morphology associated with sex expression of plants can be used to control the shape, size and quality of papaya fruit. Female plants produce pistillate flowers and hermaprodite plants produce hermaphrodite flowers and sex expression of flowers became known after the flowering plants. Hermaphrodite flower development until the fruitset formed will occur much longer than pistillate flower. Location of the stamen to the stigma of papaya small fruit and large fruit categories were different. Hermaphrodite style flower of IPB 1 genotype has irregular and unstable shape of lobe, in the other hand pistillate style flower has five lobes. The purpose of the pollen germination research was to examine the fertilization process in terms of papaya pollen germination process and growth rate of pollen tubes. Average length of pollen tube within four hours of germination for small papaya fruit category (IPB 1, IPB 3, and IPB 4) was long, while the distance between stigma and base of ovary was short so that the expected of fertilization process occurred sooner.
       
      Tujuan dari studi ini ialah: untuk mengetahui keragaan morfologi bunga pepaya IPB; mengetahui fisiologi pembuahan melalui viabilitas dan pertumbuhan tabung sari pepaya; mengetahui pengaruh penyerbukan terhadap mutu buah pepaya IPB 3 dan IPB 2, dan karakter mutu buah yang dapat dijadikan dasar pengendalian mutu buah pepaya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan percobaanpercobaan yang terdiri dari studi: morfologi bunga, viabilitas dan pertumbuhan tabung sari, penyerbukan bunga dan mutu buah pepaya. Kesimpulan umum dari penelitian ini ialah informasi tentang penyerbukan dan morfologi bunga terkait dengan ekspresi seks tanaman dapat digunakan untuk mengatur bentuk, ukuran dan mutu buah pepaya. Tanaman betina menghasilkan bunga betina dan tanaman hermafrodit menghasilkan bunga hermafrodit serta ekspresi seks bunga tanaman pepaya baru diketahui setelah tanaman berbunga. Letak benang sari yang berdekatan dan di atas stigma bunga terdapat pada bunga pepaya kategori buah kecil, sedangkan letak benang sari lebih jauh dan di bawah stigma bunga terdapat pada kategori buah sedang dan buah besar. Bunga hermafrodit genotipe IPB 1 menunjukkan ketidak teraturan jumlah lekukan pada tangkai kepala putik, berbeda dengan lekukan pada tangkai kepala putik bunga betina IPB 1 yang konsisten berjumlah lima lekukan. Perkembangan bunga betina genotipe IPB 1 sampai terbentuk bakal buah berlangsung selama 4-5 hari, sedangkan pada hermafrodit lebih lama yaitu sekitar 5-7 hari.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/51584
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