Anatomi Jaringan Daun Dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Celosia cristata, Catharanthus roseus, Dan Gomphrena globosa Pada Lingkungan Udara Tercemar

Abstract

The presence of CO, NOx, SOx, O3, HC, Pb, and TSP (dust) at environment indicated air pollution. The plant of Celosia cristata, Catharanthus roseus, and Gomphrena globosa could be used to detect how bad the air pollution in the environment. The objective of this research were to analyze the anatomy of leaf tissue and plant development of Celosia cristata, Catharanthus roseus, and Gomphrena globosa due to air pollution. The plants were grown in the Block E Babakan garden unit of University Farm, Babakan Sawah Baru Dramaga – Bogor which closed to roadside and greenhouse Department of Biology FMIPA IPB which far away from roadside. The increasing plant height and leaf number were observed every 5 days, however, leaf size was every 10 days. Fresh and dry plant weighted after the end of 3 months. The stomatal index and density, glandular and non-glandular trichome, cuticular, leaf, epidermal, palisade parenchyma, spongy parenchyma of thickness were observed on paradermal section using whole mount, and transversal section using paraffin methods. Plant parameters showed higher value at location closed to roadside than in the greenhouse. Celosia cristata had anatomical modification: stomatal index and density increased (adaxial and abaxial) and showed bigger the leaf size. Catharanthus roseus leaves thicker due to anatomical changed (transversal section), fresh and dry plant roots weight increased. While the effect of air pollution on Gomphrena globosa showed higher stomatal index and density, glandular trichome at adaxial side, but no differences for their relative growth.