Multiplikasi salak gulapasir (Salacca zalacca) secara invitro dan subkultur dengan metode kultur terapung

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan memnginduksi multiplikasi salak secara in vitro dengan eksplan berasal dari kecambah dan mengamati pertumbuhan eksplan pada subkultur menggunakan metode kultur terapung. Lima potongan (masing-masing setebal 1 mm) dari pangkal kecambah berumur empat minggu digunakan sebagai eksplan. Eksplan ditanam pada media padat Murashige & Skoog (MS) dengan penambahan 4.0 ppm Benzyl Amino Purin (BAP) dan 200 ppm I-Glutamin. Sebagai perlakuan digunakan empat taraf konsentrasi auksin, yaitu 0.1, 0.4, 0.7, 1.0 ppm 2,4-D. Eksplan yang responsif untuk diregenarasi adalah dari bagian tengah yang merupakan pangkal pelepah daun pertama. Perbedaan konsentrasi auksin tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap regenerasi.

Salak, a tropical fruit plant belonging to the genus Salacca, grows widely across Indonesia’s equatorial regions. It is estimated that there are around 15 species of Salacca, of which three—Salacca zalacca, S. sumatracana, and S. affinis—have been cultivated due to their palatable flesh and commercial value (Wijana, 1998). Salacca zalacca is cultivated in several regions including Java, Madura, Sulawesi, Ambon, and Bali, where it exhibits considerable variation, resulting in numerous local varieties. Among these, some are particularly well known for their superior taste, such as salak Pondoh from Yogyakarta and salak Gulapasir from Bali.

In 1996, total salak production in Bali reached 33,918 tons (Department of Food Crops Agriculture Level I Bali and Level II Karangasem in Rahayu et al., 1997), with the main production center located in Karangasem Regency, contributing 33,445 tons (including non-Gulapasir salak). Of the total production, 3,505 tons (10.34%) were distributed خارج the region, primarily to major cities such as Jakarta and Surabaya. Meanwhile, 30,412.54 tons (89.66%) were consumed or marketed within Bali Province. These figures indicate that the market potential for salak outside Bali remains wide open.