Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Merah pada Berbagai Dosis Pupuk Kalium dan Kelembapan Media Tanam

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari dan menganalisis pengaruh kelembapan media tanam dan dosis pupuk kalium terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) di greenhouse serta menentukan kelembapan media tanam optimum berdasarkan analisis regresi kuadratik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Januari–April 2026 di greenhouse menggunakan Rancangan Split Plot dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan kelembapan media tanam sebagai petak utama yang terdiri atas 50%, 75%, dan 100% kapasitas lapang serta dosis pupuk kalium sebagai anak petak yang terdiri atas 0,3; 0,6; dan 0,9 g tanaman?¹. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelembapan media tanam berpengaruh nyata terhadap beberapa parameter pertumbuhan dan hasil, meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, diameter daun, kelembapan media tanam, bobot basah, dan bobot kering. Perlakuan kelembapan media tanam 75% cenderung memberikan respon pertumbuhan dan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Dosis pupuk kalium berpengaruh nyata terutama pada beberapa parameter awal pertumbuhan, yaitu jumlah daun dan jumlah anakan, sedangkan interaksi antara kelembapan media tanam dan dosis pupuk kalium berpengaruh nyata terhadap beberapa parameter vegetatif, yaitu diameter daun dan jumlah anakan. Pada komponen hasil, kelembapan media tanam berpengaruh nyata terhadap panjang umbi, bobot basah, dan bobot kering, sedangkan dosis pupuk kalium berpengaruh nyata terhadap panjang umbi. Analisis regresi kuadratik menunjukkan bahwa kelembapan media tanam optimum sebesar 71,57% menghasilkan bobot basah umbi maksimum sebesar 3,52 g tanaman?¹. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan air yang sesuai berperan penting dalam mendukung pertumbuhan dan pembentukan hasil bawang merah, sedangkan respon terhadap pemberian kalium berbeda pada setiap parameter yang diamati.

This study aimed to study and analyze the effects of growing media moisture and potassium fertilizer rates on the growth and yield of shallot (Allium cepa L.) under greenhouse conditions and to determine the optimum growing media moisture based on quadratic regression analysis. The study was conducted from January to April 2026 in a greenhouse using a Split Plot Design in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with growing media moisture as the main plot factor consisting of 50%, 75%, and 100% field capacity and potassium fertilizer rate as the subplot factor consisting of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 g plant?¹. The results showed that growing media moisture significantly affected several growth and yield parameters, including plant height, number of leaves, leaf diameter, growing media moisture, fresh weight, and dry weight. The 75% field capacity treatment tended to produce better growth and yield respones than the other treatments. Potassium fertilizer rate significantly affected several early growth parameters, particularly the number of leaves and number of tillers, while the interaction between growing media moisture and potassiuAm fertilizer rate significantly affected several vegetative parameters, namely leaf diameter and number of tillers. For yield components, growing media moisture significantly affected bulb length, fresh weight, and dry weight, whereas potassium fertilizer rate significantly affected bulb length. Quadratic regression analysis indicated that the optimum growing media moisture was 71.57%, resulting in a maximum bulb fresh weight of 3.52 g plant?¹. These results indicate that adequate water availability plays an important role in supporting shallot growth and yield formation, while the respone to potassium fertilizer varied among the observed parameters.