Analisis Tingkat Pengetahuan Petani terhadap Hama Tanaman Kopi di Lahan Agroforestri

Abstract

Sistem agroforestri kopi di Indonesia menghadapi tantangan serangan hama yang efektivitas pengendaliannya bergantung pada tingkat pengetahuan petani, namun pola hubungan tersebut dapat berbeda antarwilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan petani, membandingkan persentase dan intensitas serangan hama, serta menganalisis hubungan keduanya pada lahan agroforestri kopi di Kabupaten Garut dan Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Sebanyak 60 petani (30 orang per lokasi) dipilih secara purposive sampling dan diwawancarai menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur; data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan diuji dengan korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan petani di Kabupaten Garut didominasi kategori sedang (50%), sedangkan di Kabupaten Bandung Barat didominasi kategori rendah (67%). Ratarata intensitas serangan hama di Bandung Barat (2,98%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan Garut (2,52%). Hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan persentase maupun intensitas serangan hama tergolong lemah dan tidak signifikan (p>0,05), bahkan arah korelasinya berlawanan antarlokasi, yaitu positif di Bandung Barat dan negatif di Garut. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa tingkat serangan hama lebih ditentukan oleh kondisi agroekosistem dan praktik pengelolaan lahan dibandingkan pengetahuan petani semata, sehingga penyuluhan perlu diiringi penguatan pengelolaan agroekosistem di tiap wilayah

Coffee agroforestry systems in Indonesia face persistent pest pressure, whose effective control depends partly on farmers knowledge, yet this relationship may vary across regions. This study analyzed differences in farmers knowledge level, compared the percentage and intensity of pest attacks, and examined the relationship between them on coffee agroforestry land in Garut and West Bandung Regencies. A total of 60 farmers (30 per location) were selected through purposive sampling and interviewed using a structured questionnaire; data were analyzed descriptively and tested using Spearman rank correlation. Farmers knowledge in Garut was dominated by the moderate category (50%), while in West Bandung it was dominated by the low category (67%). Average pest attack intensity in West Bandung (2.98%) was higher than in Garut (2.52%). The relationship between knowledge level and both the percentage and intensity of pest attacks was weak and not significant (p>0.05), with the correlation direction even differing between locations, positive in West Bandung and negative in Garut. These findings indicate that pest attack levels are more strongly determined by agroecosystem conditions and land management practices than by farmers knowledge alone, so extension programs should be paired with stronger agroecosystem management in each region.