Estimasi Potensi Ghost Gear, Faktor Penyebab dan Strategi Mitigasi pada Perikanan Bubu di Perairan Kabupaten Batang

Abstract

Abandoned, Lost, or Discarded Fishing Gear (ALDFG) atau ghost gear merupakan alat tangkap yang hilang, ditinggalkan, atau dibuang di perairan dan berpotensi menyebabkan ghost fishing. Perikanan bubu di Dusun Seturi, Kabupaten Batang, berpotensi menghasilkan ghost gear karena tingginya penggunaan alat tangkap bubu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan perikanan bubu, mengestimasi jumlah ghost gear, memetakan zona persebarannya, serta mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab dan upaya penanggulangannya. Penelitian menggunakan metode survei melalui wawancara terhadap nelayan bubu dengan mengacu pada kuesioner FAO “Traps Global Fishing Gear Loss Assessment”. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perikanan bubu didominasi nelayan lokal yang menggunakan kapal berukuran <5 GT dengan lama penangkapan tujuh hari per trip. Estimasi kehilangan bubu mencapai 11.850 unit/tahun dengan kerugian ekonomi sebesar Rp272.550.000/tahun. Zona risiko ghost gear terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu Perairan Utara Batang–Pekalongan dan Perairan Timur Batang–Kendal. Faktor utama penyebab ghost gear meliputi konflik dengan alat tangkap lain, pencurian atau perusakan alat tangkap, serta kurangnya komunikasi antar nelayan. Upaya penanggulangan meliputi sosialisasi, gear marking, pelaporan dan pengambilan kembali alat tangkap, penyediaan fasilitas penampungan, insentif, serta koordinasi dan pengawasan.

Abandoned, Lost, or Discarded Fishing Gear (ALDFG), also known as ghost gear, refers to fishing gear that is lost, abandoned, or discarded in the waters and may contribute to marine pollution and ghost fishing. Trap fisheries in Seturi Village, Batang Regency, have the potential to generate ghost gear due to extensive use of trap fishing gear. This study aimed to describe trap fisheries, estimate ghost gear, map its risk zones, and identify its causes and mitigation measures. The study employed a survey method through interviews with trap fishers using the FAO Traps Global Fishing Gear Loss Assessment questionnaire. Results showed that trap fisheries were dominated by local fishers using vessels smaller than 5 GT, with a fishing duration of seven days per trip. Estimated trap loss reached 11,850 units/year, with an economic loss of IDR 272,550,000/year. Two main ghost gear risk zones were identified: the northern waters of Batang–Pekalongan and the eastern waters of Batang–Kendal. The main causes included conflicts with other fishing gears, theft or damage to fishing gear, and lack of communication among fishers. Mitigation measures include socialization, gear marking, reporting and retrieval of lost gear, collection facilities, incentives, coordination, and monitoring