Analisis Efektivitas Biaya Peralihan Sistem Material Handling dalam Upaya Menurunkan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (Studi Kasus: PT XYZ)

Abstract

Perubahan iklim mendorong sektor industri untuk mengurangi emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) melalui penerapan praktik operasional yang lebih berkelanjutan. Salah satu sumber emisi dalam aktivitas industri berasal dari sistem material handling, khususnya penggunaan forklift berbahan bakar diesel. PT XYZ sebagai perusahaan industri kimia telah melakukan inisiatif peralihan sistem material handling dari forklift diesel menuju forklift listrik serta mempertimbangkan penggunaan towing tractor sebagai alternatif sistem yang berpotensi meningkatkan efisiensi operasional dan menurunkan emisi. Namun, setiap alternatif teknologi memiliki karakteristik, kebutuhan investasi, dan implikasi keberlanjutan yang berbeda, sehinggamemerlukan kajian yang komprehensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi penurunan emisi gas rumah kaca, mengevaluasi efektivitas biaya penurunan emisi, serta mengidentifikasi aspek keberlanjutan dari alternatif sistem material handling. Metode yang digunakan meliputi emission factor method, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA), serta multi-criteria sustainability evaluation matrix. Hasil menunjukkan towing tractor berpotensi menurunkan emisi GRK sebesar 59,8% dan forklift listrik sebesar 86,9% dibandingkan baseline. Analisis CEA menunjukkan forklift listrik memberikan penghematan biaya tertinggi sebesar Rp4.473/palet dan penurunan emisi 0,577 kgCO2e/palet dibandingkan dengan baseline. Penilaian keberlanjutan menunjukkan towing tractor memperoleh skor komposit tertinggi (3,86), diikuti forklift listrik (3,76), dan forklift diesel (3,49), meskipun kesiapan implementasi towing tractor masih rendah dan memerlukan uji coba lebih lanjut.

Climate change is driving the industrial sector to reduce Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions by adopting more sustainable operational practices. A significant source of emissions in industrial activities stems from material handling systems, particularly the use of diesel-powered forklifts. PT XYZ, a chemical industry company, has initiated a transition from diesel forklifts to electric forklifts and is considering towing tractors as an alternative system with the potential to enhance operational efficiency and lower emissions. However, each technological alternative presents distinct characteristics, investment requirements, and sustainability implications, necessitating a comprehensive assessment. This study aims to analyze the potential for GHG emission reductions, evaluate the cost effectiveness of these reductions, and identify sustainability aspects associated with the alternative material handling systems. The methodology employs the emission factor method, Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA), and a multi-criteria sustainability evaluation matrix. The results indicate that towing tractors have the potential to reduce GHG emissions by 59.8%, while electric forklifts offer a reduction of 86.9% compared to the baseline. The CEA analysis shows that electric forklifts provide the highest cost savings of Rp4,473 per pallet and an emission reduction of 0.577 kgCO2e per pallet compared to the baseline. The sustainability assessment shows that towing tractors achieved the highest composite score (3.86), followed by electric forklifts (3.76) and diesel forklifts (3.49); however, the implementation readiness for towing tractors remains low, requiring further trials.