Biodiversitas Makrozoobentos sebagai Bioindikator Status Ekologis Sungai CIsadane

Abstract

Penelitian ini menilai status ekologis Sungai Cisadane pada zona hulu, tengah, dan hilir berdasarkan struktur komunitas makrozoobentos. Contoh diambil dengan Surber net pada Februari, Maret, dan Mei 2026 di 12 stasiun dan diidentifikasi sampai genus. Seluruh bulan berada dalam musim hujan sehingga yang dibandingkan adalah periode curah hujan rendah (Februari–Maret) dan tinggi (Mei). Tercatat 30 genera dari lima kelas (531 individu), kepadatan 11–226 Ind./m2 dan keanekaragaman 0,18–1,67. Kekayaan genus menurun nyata dari hulu ke hilir (p = 0,017), sedangkan penurunan keanekaragaman hanya kecenderungan. Komposisi komunitas berbeda antarperiode (p = 0,003), bukan antarzona. Suhu berkorelasi negatif dengan kekayaan genus (? = -0,592, p = 0,043), namun hasilnya rapuh. Zona hulu tergolong tercemar sedang karena masih menampung genus sensitif (Epeorus sp., Neoperla sp.), sedangkan zona tengah dan hilir tercemar berat. Kekayaan genus dan taksa sensitif menjadi penanda utama dengan indikasi degradasi yang menguat ke arah hilir.

This study assessed the ecological status of the Cisadane River in its upstream, middle, and downstream zones based on macrozoobenthos community structure. Samples were collected with a Surber net in February, March, and May 2026 at 12 stations and identified to genus level. All months fell within the wet season, so a low rainfall period (February–March) was compared with a high rainfall period (May). Thirty genera from five classes (531 individuals) were recorded, with densities of 11–226 Ind./m2 and diversity of 0.18–1.67. Genus richness declined significantly from upstream to downstream (p = 0.017), whereas the decline in diversity was only a tendency. Community composition differed between periods (p = 0.003), not among zones. Temperature was negatively correlated with genus richness (? = -0.592, p = 0.043), but the result is fragile. The upstream zone was moderately polluted because it still supported sensitive genera (Epeorus sp., Neoperla sp.), whereas the middle and downstream zones were heavily polluted. Genus richness and sensitive taxa were the main indicators, with degradation increasing toward the river mouth.