Analisis Faktor-Faktor Produksi dan Pendapatan Usaha Budidaya Ikan Mas di Desa Cibunian Kabupaten Bogor

Abstract

Usaha budidaya ikan mas sistem kolam air deras di Desa Cibunian, Kecamatan Pamijahan, Kabupaten Bogor menghadapi permasalahan alokasi input belum optimal dan pendapatan petani berfluktuasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor produksi, tingkat efisiensi alokatif, dan pendapatan usaha pembesaran ikan mas pada sistem tersebut. Data dikumpulkan dari 50 responden petani yang dipilih menggunakan teknik snowball sampling. Faktor produksi yang dianalisis meliputi luas kolam, benih, pakan, vitamin, tenaga kerja dalam keluarga, tenaga kerja luar keluarga, dan status kepemilikan kolam menggunakan fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas. Efisiensi alokatif dianalisis dari perbandingan nilai produk marjinal dan biaya korbanan marjinal tiap input, sedangkan kelayakan usaha dianalisis menggunakan rasio penerimaan atas biaya total. Model produksi menjelaskan 97,7% keragaman produksi; luas kolam, benih, pakan, dan vitamin berpengaruh nyata, sedangkan kedua jenis tenaga kerja dan status kepemilikan kolam tidak nyata. Keempat input yang berpengaruh nyata tersebut belum digunakan secara optimal sehingga penambahan input masih dapat meningkatkan produksi. Rasio penerimaan atas biaya total sebesar 1,17 pada pemilik kolam dan 1,15 pada penyewa kolam menunjukkan usaha layak dijalankan, meskipun pendapatan per unit kolam masih di bawah upah minimum kabupaten. Penelitian merekomendasikan penambahan input bertahap dan fasilitasi permodalan petani.

The carp farming business using the running water pond system in Cibunian Village, Pamijahan District, Bogor Regency faces suboptimal input allocation and fluctuating farmer income. This study aimed to analyze the production factors, allocative efficiency, and income of carp grow-out farming under this system. Data were collected from 50 farmer respondents selected using snowball sampling. The production factors analyzed were pond area, seeds, feed, vitamins, family labor, hired labor, and pond ownership status, using the Cobb-Douglas production function. Allocative efficiency was analyzed by comparing the marginal value product to the marginal factor cost for each input, while business feasibility was evaluated using the revenue-cost ratio. The production model explained 97,7% of the production variation; pond area, seeds, feed, and vitamins had a significant effect, whereas both types of labor and pond ownership status showed no significant effect. The four significant inputs had not been allocated optimally; thus, increasing their usage could further enhance production. A total revenue-cost ratio of 1,17 for pond owners and 1,15 for pond renters indicated that the business is feasible, although income per pond unit remained below the regional minimum wage. The study recommends gradual input additions and credit or capital support for farmers.