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      Pengaruh Urbanisasi dan Konsumsi Energi Listrik terhadap Emisi CO2 di Pulau Jawa

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Setyawan, Nurzika Viola
      Wijayanti, Pini
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      Abstract
      Indonesia berkomitmen terhadap mitigasi perubahan iklim melalui Second Nationally Determined Contribution (SNDC) 2025 dengan menargetkan total emisi hingga tahun 2035. Pulau Jawa sebagai pusat pembangunan nasional dengan perkembangan aktivitas sosial dan ekonomi yang lebih maju, turut memberikan kontribusi besar terhadap emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK), khususnya emisi CO2. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh pesatnya urbanisasi yang mendorong peningkatan permintaan energi listrik dan perkembangan sektor industri. Akibatnya, faktor-faktor tersebut memperkuat dinamika pertumbuhan ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis pengaruh antara urbanisasi, konsumsi energi listrik, pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan industrialisasi terhadap emisi CO2 di Pulau Jawa; (2) menganalisis hubungan jangka panjang dan jangka pendek antara urbanisasi, konsumsi energi listrik, pertumbuhan ekonomi, industrialisasi, dan emisi CO2 di Pulau Jawa; (3) menguji hipotesis Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) pada Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) dan emisi CO2 di Pulau Jawa. Metode yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel dan Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) dengan periode pengamatan 2010-2024. Hasil penelitian model Fixed Effect Model (FEM) menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi energi listrik dan industrialisasi berpengaruh positif signifikan, sedangkan urbanisasi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan. Sementara itu, PDRB per kapita berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap emisi CO2. Estimasi Panel ARDL menunjukkan adanya hubungan keseimbangan jangka panjang yang ditandai dengan Error Correction Term (ECT) bernilai negatif dan signifikan sebesar -0,311220. Pengujian hipotesis EKC menemukan pola hubungan berbentuk U, sehingga hipotesis tersebut tidak terbukti pada lima provinsi di Pulau Jawa.
       
      Indonesia is committed to mitigating climate change through The Second Nationally Determined Contribution (SNDC) 2025 by targeting total emissions by 2035. Java Island as a center of national development with the development of more advanced social and economic activities, also contributes greatly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, especially CO2 emissions. This is influenced by rapid urbanization which encourages an increase in demand for electrical energy and the development of the industrial sector. As a result, these factors strengthen the dynamics of economic growth. This study aims to (1) analyze the influence between urbanization, electricity consumption, economic growth, and industrialization on CO2 emissions in Java; (2) analyze the long-term and short-term relationships between urbanization, electricity consumption, economic growth, industrialization, and CO2 emissions on the island of Java; (3) testing the hypothesis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) on Gross Regional Domestic Product (GDP) and CO2 emissions in Java. The method used was panel data regression and Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) with an observation period of 2010-2024. The results of The Fixed Effect Model (FEM) model study show that electrical energy consumption and industrialization have a significant positive effect, while urbanization has a negative and significant effect. Meanwhile, GDP per capita has a negative and insignificant effect on CO2 emissions. The ARDL Panel's estimate shows a long-term equilibrium relationship characterized by a negative and significant Error Correction Term (ECT) of -0,311220. The EKC hypothesis test found a U-shaped relationship pattern, so the hypothesis was not proven in five provinces on the island of Java.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179872
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      • UF - Resources and Environmental Economic [2447]

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