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      Dinamika Spasio Temporal dan Distribusi Vertikal Ikan di Rumpon Hanyut Laut Dalam dengan Metode Hidroakustik Aktif

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
      Subtype
      Theses
      Author
      Alwafia, Ramadhini Zulfa
      Pujiyati, Sri
      Solikin, Steven
      Dwinovantyo, Angga
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      Abstract
      Rumpon merupakan struktur terapung yang dimanfaatkan ikan pelagis sebagai lokasi berasosiasi, berlindung, dan mencari makan. Keberadaan rumpon dapat membentuk agregasi ikan yang bersifat dinamis secara spasial dan temporal. Namun, informasi mengenai karakteristik akustik, distribusi vertikal, serta dinamika spasio-temporal ikan yang berasosiasi dengan rumpon di wilayah utara Laut Maluku masih terbatas. Kondisi oseanografi Laut Maluku yang kompleks sebagai bagian dari sistem Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) juga berpotensi memengaruhi pola distribusi dan pergerakan ikan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik akustik ikan pelagis berdasarkan Target Strength (TS) dan Volume Backscattering Strength (SV), mengkaji pengaruh waktu dan kedalaman, mengidentifikasi dinamika spasio-temporal, serta mengaitkannya dengan kondisi oseanografi. Penelitian menggunakan data hidroakustik hasil survei pada 10 rumpon di Laut Maluku pada 5–17 Januari 2016. Akuisisi dilakukan menggunakan Single Beam Echosounder SIMRAD EK-15 berfrekuensi 200 kHz. Data akustik diolah menggunakan ESP3 untuk memperoleh TS melalui Single Target Detection dan SV melalui Echo Integration. Analisis mencakup statistik deskriptif, distribusi berdasarkan waktu dan kedalaman, visualisasi spasial, analisis distribusi vertikal, integrasi dengan suhu, salinitas, dan arus, serta Generalized Additive Model (GAM) untuk menguji hubungan waktu dan kedalaman terhadap TS dan SV. Hasil menunjukkan nilai SV sebesar -52,29 ± 4,17 dB dan TS sebesar -51,36 ± 3,55 dB, yang menunjukkan variasi kepadatan agregasi dan karakteristik ukuran relatif target ikan pelagis yang terdeteksi di sekitar rumpon. Komposisi tangkapan mendukung interpretasi tersebut, dengan dominasi ikan layang (Decapterus spp.), tongkol (Euthynnus spp.), tuna sirip kuning/madidihang (Thunnus albacares), dan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis). Dinamika distribusi menunjukkan adanya perubahan posisi agregasi menurut siklus harian, dengan kecenderungan ikan berada lebih dalam pada siang hari dan kembali ke lapisan lebih dangkal pada sore hingga malam. Secara horizontal, agregasi membentuk pola linear, radial, bergeser, dan menyebar. Analisis GAM menunjukkan waktu pengamatan dan kedalaman berpengaruh signifikan terhadap TS dan SV. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi ikan pelagis di sekitar rumpon bersifat dinamis dan mencerminkan interaksi antara perilaku ikan dan kondisi oseanografi perairan Laut Maluku.
       
      Fishing aggregating devices (FADs) are floating structures used by pelagic fish as sites for aggregation, shelter, and foraging. The presence of FADs can lead to fish aggregations that are spatially and temporally dynamic. However, information regarding the acoustic characteristics, vertical distribution, and spatiotemporal dynamics of fish associated with FADs in the northern Maluku Sea remains limited. The complex oceanographic conditions of the Maluku Sea, as part of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) system, also have the potential to influence fish distribution patterns and movements. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the acoustic characteristics of pelagic fish based on Target Strength (TS) and Volume Backscattering Strength (SV), examine the effects of time and depth, identify spatiotemporal dynamics, and relate these to oceanographic conditions. The study utilized hydroacoustic data collected during surveys at 10 fish aggregating devices (FADs) in the Maluku Sea from January 5–17, 2016. Data acquisition was performed using a SIMRAD EK-15 Single Beam Echosounder operating at 200 kHz. Acoustic data were processed using ESP3 to obtain TS via Single Target Detection and SV via Echo Integration. The analysis included descriptive statistics, distributions based on time and depth, spatial visualization, vertical distribution analysis, integration with temperature, salinity, and currents, as well as a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) to test the relationships between time and depth and TS and SV. The results showed an SV value of -52.29 ± 4.17 dB and a TS value of -51.36 ± 3.55 dB, indicating variations in aggregation density and the relative size characteristics of pelagic fish targets detected around the FADs. The catch composition supports this interpretation, with a dominance of flying fish (Decapterus spp.), skipjack tuna (Euthynnus spp.), tuna sirip kuning/madidihang (Thunnus albacares), and skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis). Distribution dynamics revealed changes in aggregation positions according to a diurnal cycle, with fish tending to stay at deeper depths during the day and return to shallower layers in the afternoon through the evening. Horizontally, aggregations formed linear, radial, shifting, and dispersed patterns. GAM analysis showed that time and depth had a significant effect on TS and SV. Overall, the study indicates that the distribution of pelagic fish around fish aggregating devices is dynamic and reflects the interaction between fish behavior and the oceanographic conditions of the Maluku Sea.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179819
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      • MF - Fisheries [3359]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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      Universitas Jember Digital Repository