Biodiversitas plankton pada kawasan KKP3K KDPS Kabupaten Berau, Kalimantan Timur

Abstract

Kawasan Konservasi Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil (KKP3K) Kepulauan Derawan dan Perairan Sekitarnya (KDPS) memiliki keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi, namun informasi mengenai biodiversitas plankton masih terbatas. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi komposisi, kelimpahan, indeks biodiversitas fitoplankton dan zooplankton serta melihat penciri stasiun berdasarkan plankton dan kualitas perairan. Sampel diambil pada Juni 2025 di 15 stasiun dengan plankton net berukuran 30 µm. Ditemukan 47 genus fitoplankton dan 30 genus zooplankton. Kelimpahan fitoplankton berkisar 5.151,57–63.760,72 sel/m³, didominasi Trichodesmium sp., sedangkan zooplankton berkisar 139,87–1.971,07 ind/m³, didominasi Crustacea. Indeks keanekaragaman fitoplankton (H' = 0,19–1,85) rendah–sedang akibat dominansi Trichodesmium sp., sementara zooplankton (H' = 0,76–1,90) tergolong rendah hingga sedang dengan sebaran individu yang relatif lebih merata. Analisis similaritas menunjukkan adanya pengelompokan komunitas antarstasiun, PCA menunjukkan penciri beberapa stasiun berdasarkan plankton dan kualitas perairan. Secara umum, kondisi perairan KKP3K KDPS masih mendukung kehidupan plankton dan biota laut lainnya.

The Coastal and Small Islands Conservation Area (KKP3K) of the Derawan Islands and Surrounding Waters (KDPS) has high biodiversity, but there is less scientific information about the biodiversity of plankton there This study aimed to determine the composition, abundance, and biodiversity indices of phytoplankton and zooplankton, as well as their relationship with water quality. Samples were collected in June 2025 at 15 stations using a 30 µm plankton net. The results showed that there were 47 genera of phytoplankton and 30 genera of zooplankton. The phytoplankton abundance varied from 5151,57–63760,72 cells/m3 and was dominated by Trichodesmium sp., while the zooplankton abundance varied from 139,87–1971,07 ind/m3 and was dominated by Crustacea. The phytoplankton diversity index varied from 0,19 to 1,85 (low to moderate) and was also dominated by Trichodesmium sp., while the zooplankton diversity index varied from 0,76 to 1,90 (low to moderate). Similarity analysis showed that phytoplankton and zooplankton samples formed groups, while PCA showed that there were several stations that had similar characteristics based on plankton data and water quality data. In general, it can be said that water quality in the KKP3K KDPS was suitable for supporting plankton and other aquatic organisms.