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      Penerapan dan Evaluasi Fuzzy Geographically Weighted Clustering Berbasis Algoritma Genetika dalam Pemetaan Karakteristik Sosial Ekonomi di Provinsi Jawa Barat

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Suwandi, Farid Yafi
      Silvianti, Pika
      Dito, Gerry Alfa
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      Abstract
      Provinsi Jawa Barat masih menghadapi ketimpangan sosial ekonomi antarwilayah, tercermin dari Rasio Gini 0,428 (September 2024) dan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) 6,75 persen (Agustus 2024) yang menjadi salah satu yang tertinggi secara nasional. Karena ketimpangan ini erat kaitannya dengan faktor geografis, metode klasterisasi konvensional yang mengabaikan lokasi wilayah dinilai kurang tepat. Penelitian ini menerapkan Fuzzy Geographically Weighted Clustering dengan optimasi inisialisasi centroid menggunakan Algoritma Genetika (FGWC-AG) untuk memetakan karakteristik sosial ekonomi 27 kabupaten/kota di Jawa Barat berdasarkan delapan indikator tahun 2024 (TPT, TPAK, UMK, laju pertumbuhan PDRB, pengeluaran per kapita, tingkat kemiskinan, rata-rata lama sekolah, dan angka harapan hidup). Algoritma Genetika digunakan untuk mencari kandidat centroid awal yang kemudian digunakan dalam iterasi FGWC hingga mencapai kriteria konvergensi. Hasil grid search menetapkan kombinasi parameter optimal pada c=2, a=0,9, dan ß=0,1. Konfigurasi ini menghasilkan struktur pengelompokan yang paling tegas dan kompak, ditunjukkan oleh nilai Partition Coefficient (PC) sebesar 0,636 dan Xie-Beni Index (XB) sebesar 0,367. Pada satu skenario eksekusi yang dilaporkan, FGWC-AG menghasilkan fungsi objektif dan indeks validitas yang secara numerik hampir sama dengan FGWC klasik. Hasil klasterisasi membagi wilayah menjadi dua kelompok: Klaster 1 (17 wilayah, agraris dan peri-urban di Priangan Timur serta Ciayumajakuning) dengan rata-rata UMK Rp2.747.777 dan kemiskinan 9,53 persen, serta Klaster 2 (10 wilayah metropolitan dan koridor industri) dengan rata-rata UMK jauh lebih tinggi (Rp4.429.222) dan kemiskinan lebih rendah (5,42 persen). Menariknya, TPT Klaster 2 justru lebih tinggi (7,74 persen) dibanding Klaster 1 (5,80 persen), yang mengindikasikan bahwa tingginya aktivitas ekonomi dan industrialisasi di kawasan perkotaan tidak serta-merta berbanding lurus dengan penyerapan tenaga kerja lokal secara optimal. Hasil pemetaan ini diharapkan menjadi bahan pertimbangan pemerintah dalam merumuskan kebijakan pembangunan yang lebih tepat sasaran sesuai karakteristik tiap daerah.
       
      West Java Province continues to face socioeconomic disparities across regions, as reflected by a Gini Ratio of 0.428 (September 2024) and an Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) of 6.75 percent (August 2024), ranking among the highest nationally. Because these spatial disparities are closely linked to geographic factors, conventional clustering methods that ignore spatial locations are deemed inadequate. This study applies Fuzzy Geographically Weighted Clustering with centroid initialization optimization using a Genetic Algorithm (FGWC-AG) to map the socioeconomic characteristics of 27 regencies/cities in West Java based on eight 2024 indicators (TPT, LFPR, minimum wage, GRDP growth rate, per capita expenditure, poverty rate, mean years of schooling, and life expectancy). A Genetic Algorithm is used to search for initial centroid candidates, which are subsequently utilized in the FGWC iterations until convergence criteria are met. The grid-search results identifieed c=2, a=0.9, and ß=0.1 as the best configuration among the evaluated combinations. This configuration produced the most distinct and compact partition structure, as indicated by a Partition Coefficient (PC) of 0.636 and a Xie-Beni Index (XB) of 0.367. In one reported execution scenario, FGWC-AG produced an objective function and validity indices that were numerically nearly identical to classic FGWC. The final clustering divided the regions into two groups: Cluster 1 (17 agrarian and peri-urban regions in Eastern Priangan and Ciayumajakuning) with an average minimum wage of IDR 2,747,777 and a poverty rate of 9.53 percent, and Cluster 2 (10 metropolitan and industrial corridor regions) with a higher average minimum wage (IDR 4,429,222) and lower poverty rate (5.42 percent). Interestingly, the unemployment rate in Cluster 2 was higher (7.74 percent) than in Cluster 1 (5.80 percent), indicating that high economic activity and industrialization in urban areas do not necessarily correspond directly with optimal local labor absorption. These mapping results are expected to serve as a reference for policymakers in formulating targeted regional development strategies tailored to the unique characteristics of each region.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179639
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      • UF - Statistics and Data Sciences [174]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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