Hubungan Kerawanan Pangan, Keamanan Pangan, dan Konsumsi Pangan dengan Prevalensi Stunting di Indonesia

Abstract

Target penurunan prevalensi stunting menjadi 14% pada akhir RPJMN 2020– 2024 belum tercapai, dengan capaian nasional tahun 2024 masih berada pada angka 19,8%. Kondisi ini menegaskan pentingnya pemenuhan gizi melalui konsumsi pangan yang adekuat, beragam, dan berkelanjutan disertai dukungan akses dan keamanan pangan yang memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara kerawanan pangan (FIES), keamanan pangan (IKPS), dan konsumsi pangan dengan prevalensi stunting di 34 provinsi Indonesia tahun 2024. Data sekunder diperoleh dari Kemenkes, Bapanas, dan BPS, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Pearson dan Spearman. Hasil menunjukkan kerawanan pangan menurut FIES (p = 0,001), IKPS (p = 0,021), skor PPH (p < 0,001), dan konsumsi ikan berdasarkan PHD (p = 0,042) berhubungan signifikan dengan stunting. Skor PPH memiliki korelasi negatif terkuat (r = -0,627), yang mengindikasikan pentingnya keberagaman diet dalam mendukung penurunan prevalensi stunting.

The national target of reducing stunting prevalence to 14% by the end of the 2020–2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN) was not achieved, as the prevalence in 2024 remained at 19.8%. This condition emphasizes the need to ensure adequate, diverse, and sustainable food consumption, supported by sufficient food access and food safety. This study aimed to examine the association between food insecurity (FIES), food safety (IKPS), and food consumption with stunting prevalence in 34 Indonesian provinces in 2024. Secondary data were obtained from the Ministry of Health, the National Food Agency, and Statistics Indonesia, and analyzed using Pearson and Spearman correlation tests. The results showed that FIES (p = 0.001), IKPS (p = 0.021), DDP score (p < 0.001), and fish consumption based on the Planetary Health Diet (PHD) (p = 0.042) were significantly associated with stunting. The DDP score showed the strongest negative correlation (r = -0.627), indicating the importance of dietary diversity in supporting the reduction of stunting prevalence.