Pengaruh Tradisi Jeulame, Religiositas dan Konformitas Teman Sebaya terhadap Keputusan Menikah pada Laki-laki Aceh Perantauan

Abstract

Keputusan menikah pada laki-laki Aceh perantauan terbentuk melalui pertimbangan budaya, agama, sosial, ekonomi, dan kesiapan personal. Penurunan jumlah pernikahan di Aceh serta tingginya proporsi penduduk yang belum menikah menunjukkan perubahan dalam proses pembentukan keluarga. Dalam konteks budaya Aceh, tradisi jeulame memuat nilai penghormatan kepada perempuan, kesungguhan, dan tanggung jawab laki-laki, tetapi tuntutan materialnya dapat dipersepsikan sebagai beban ekonomi. Kehidupan di perantauan juga mempertemukan laki-laki Aceh dengan lingkungan sosial dan budaya baru. Kondisi tersebut membuka pilihan untuk menikah secara endogami dengan perempuan Aceh, menikah secara eksogami dengan perempuan di luar Aceh, atau menunda pernikahan. Berdasarkan teori determinasi, teori kognitif sosial, dan teori ekologi Bronfenbrenner, keputusan menikah dipahami sebagai hasil interaksi antara faktor personal dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengidentifikasi karakteristik individu dan keluarga, pemaknaan tradisi jeulame, religiositas, konformitas teman sebaya, kesiapan menikah, dan keputusan menikah laki-laki Aceh perantauan; (2) menganalisis hubungan karakteristik individu dan keluarga dengan seluruh variabel tersebut; dan (3) menganalisis pengaruh pemaknaan tradisi jeulame, religiositas, dan konformitas teman sebaya terhadap kesiapan serta keputusan menikah laki-laki Aceh perantauan. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross-sectional study dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penarikan contoh dilakukan melalui non-probability sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling. Penelitian melibatkan 201 laki-laki asal Aceh yang berusia minimal 25 tahun, belum menikah, dan telah merantau sekurang-kurangnya satu tahun. Pengumpulan data berlangsung pada Mei hingga Juli 2026 melalui kuesioner self-administered secara daring menggunakan Google Form. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif, dilanjutkan dengan uji korelasi bivariat, regresi linear berganda untuk kesiapan menikah, regresi logistik multinomial untuk keputusan menikah, dan uji bootstrapping. Pengolahan dan analisis data menggunakan Microsoft Excel, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden berada pada usia dewasa awal, bekerja sebagai karyawan swasta, berdomisili di dalam negeri, telah merantau lebih dari lima tahun, dan merantau untuk menempuh pendidikan. Kelompok pendapatan terbanyak berada di atas Rp5.000.000 per bulan. Pemaknaan tradisi jeulame tergolong sedang. Responden lebih memaknai jeulame sebagai simbol perjuangan, kesungguhan, tanggung jawab, dan komitmen laki-laki daripada sebagai sarana penguatan status sosial. Tingkat religiositas tergolong tinggi, sedangkan konformitas teman sebaya tergolong rendah. Kesiapan menikah berada pada kategori sedang. Kesiapan interpersonal menjadi dimensi tertinggi, sedangkan kesiapan keuangan menjadi dimensi terendah. Keputusan menikah didominasi oleh endogami sebesar 59,2 persen, diikuti eksogami sebesar 31,8 persen, serta tidak menikah atau menunda pernikahan sebesar 9,0 persen. Hasil analisis korelasi bivariat menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik individu dan keluarga menunjukkan pola korelasi yang selektif dengan variabel penelitian. Pemaknaan tradisi jeulame berkorelasi dengan pendapatan ayah. Kesiapan menikah berkorelasi dengan status pernikahan orang tua dan domisili. Sementara itu, keputusan menikah pendidikan terakhir ibu. Hasil regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa pemaknaan tradisi jeulame, religiositas, dan konformitas teman sebaya secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap kesiapan menikah serta menjelaskan 23,1 persen variasinya. Secara parsial, religiositas berpengaruh positif terhadap kesiapan menikah, sedangkan konformitas teman sebaya berpengaruh negatif. Pemaknaan tradisi jeulame tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesiapan menikah. Hasil regresi logistik multinomial menunjukkan bahwa pemaknaan tradisi jeulame dan kesiapan menikah berpengaruh langsung terhadap keputusan menikah, sedangkan religiositas dan konformitas teman sebaya tidak berpengaruh langsung. Setiap peningkatan pemaknaan tradisi jeulame menurunkan peluang memilih eksogami dibandingkan endogami sebesar 4,1 persen. Setiap peningkatan kesiapan menikah menurunkan peluang memilih tidak menikah dibandingkan endogami sebesar 5,0 persen. Model menjelaskan 24,8 persen variasi keputusan menikah. Kesiapan menikah dapat dinyatakan sebagai mediator antara religiositas dan keputusan menikah setelah pengujian bootstrapping. Hasil penelitian menegaskan dua jalur utama dalam keputusan menikah laki-laki Aceh perantauan. Jalur budaya melalui pemaknaan tradisi jeulame berperan dalam pilihan endogami atau eksogami. Jalur personal melalui kesiapan menikah berperan dalam pilihan menikah atau tidak menikah. Laki-laki Aceh perantauan perlu meningkatkan kesiapan psikologis, religius, sosial, dan keuangan secara seimbang. Keluarga, tokoh adat, dan tokoh agama perlu membangun pemahaman bahwa jeulame merupakan simbol penghormatan dan tanggung jawab, bukan semata-mata beban ekonomi. Pemerintah Aceh, Majelis Adat Aceh, Kementerian Agama, dan Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional dapat mengintegrasikan edukasi budaya, penguatan religiositas, kesiapan psikologis, literasi keuangan, dan pengelolaan pengaruh sosial ke dalam program bimbingan perkawinan. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan menggunakan desain longitudinal, metode kualitatif dan Forum Group Discussion (FGD) untuk mendapat pemahaman komprehensif terhadap pemaknaan jeulame, melibatkan kelompok responden yang dapat diketahui populasinya, menambahkan faktor ekonomi dan psikologis lain. Kata kunci: Keputusan menikah, konformitas teman sebaya, laki-laki Aceh perantauan, religiositas, tradisi jeulame.

Marriage decisions among Acehnese male migrants involve cultural, religious, social, economic, and personal readiness considerations. The declining number of marriages in Aceh and the high proportion of unmarried individuals indicate changes in the family formation process. Within the Acehnese cultural context, the jeulame tradition represents respect for women, determination, and male responsibility. However, its material requirements may be perceived as an economic burden. Living away from Aceh also exposes Acehnese men to new social and cultural environments. This situation provides them with the options of entering an endogamous marriage with an Acehnese woman, entering an exogamous marriage with a woman from outside Aceh, or postponing marriage. Based on determinism theory, social cognitive theory, and Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, marriage decisions are understood as the result of interactions between personal and environmental factors. This study aimed to: (1) identify individual and family characteristics, perceptions of the jeulame tradition, religiosity, peer conformity, marriage readiness, and marriage decisions among Acehnese male migrants; (2) analyze the relationships between individual and family characteristics and all of these variables; and (3) analyze the effects of perceptions of the jeulame tradition, religiosity, and peer conformity on marriage readiness and marriage decisions among Acehnese male migrants. This study employed a quantitative cross-sectional design. The sample was selected using non-probability sampling with a purposive sampling technique. The study involved 201 unmarried Acehnese men aged at least 25 years who had lived away from Aceh for at least one year. Data were collected from May to July 2026 through a self-administered online questionnaire using Google Forms. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Bivariate correlation test, multiple linear regression for marriage readiness, multinomial logistic regression for marriage decisions and bootstrapping for mediator indirect effect. Microsoft Excel, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) were used for data processing and analysis. The results showed that most respondents were in early adulthood, worked as private-sector employees, lived within Indonesia, had lived away from Aceh for more than five years, and had migrated primarily to pursue education. The largest income group earned more than IDR 5,000,000 per month. Respondents’ perceptions of the jeulame tradition were categorized moderate. They interpreted jeulame more as a symbol of struggle, determination, responsibility, and male commitment than as a means of strengthening social status. Religiosity was categorized as high, whereas peer conformity was low. Marriage readiness was categorized as moderate. Interpersonal readiness was the highest dimension, while financial readiness was the lowest. Marriage decisions were dominated by endogamy at 59.2 percent, followed by exogamy at 31.8 percent and remaining unmarried or postponing marriage at 9.0 percent. The results of the bivariate correlation analysis indicate that individual and family characteristics show a selective correlation pattern with the research variables. The interpretation of the jeulame tradition correlates with the father's income. Readiness of marriage correlates with the parents' marital status and domicile. Meanwhile, the decision to marry correlates with the mother's highest education. The multiple linear regression results showed that perceptions of the jeulame tradition, religiosity, and peer conformity simultaneously affected marriage readiness and explained 23.1 percent of its variance. Partially, religiosity had a positive effect on marriage readiness, whereas peer conformity had a negative effect. Perceptions of the jeulame tradition did not significantly affect marriage readiness. The multinomial logistic regression results showed that perceptions of the jeulame tradition and marriage readiness directly affected marriage decisions, whereas religiosity and peer conformity had no direct effects. Each one-unit increase in perceptions of the jeulame tradition reduced the odds of choosing exogamy rather than endogamy by 4.1 percent. Each one-unit increase in marriage readiness reduced the odds of remaining unmarried rather than choosing endogamy by 5.0 percent. The model explained 24.8 percent of the variance in marriage decisions and achieved an overall classification accuracy of 62.7 percent. Marriage readiness can be identified as a mediator between religiosity and marriage decisions based on the bootstrapping analysis. The findings identify two main pathways underlying marriage decisions among Acehnese male migrants. The cultural pathway, represented by perceptions of the jeulame tradition, influences the choice between endogamy and exogamy. The personal pathway, represented by marriage readiness, influences the choice between marrying and avoid to marriage. Acehnese male migrants need to develop balanced psychological, religious, social, and financial readiness. Families, traditional leaders, and religious leaders should promote an understanding of jeulame as a symbol of respect and responsibility rather than merely an economic burden. The Aceh Government, Aceh Customary Council, Ministry of Religious Affairs, and National Population and Family Planning Agency may integrate cultural education, religiosity, psychological readiness, family financial literacy, and the management of social influences into premarital guidance programs. Future research is recommended to employ longitudinal designs and qualitative methods, including Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the meaning attached to jeulame, involve respondent groups with identifiable populations, and incorporate additional economic and psychological factors. Keywords: Acehnese male migrants, jeulame tradition, marriage decisions, peer conformity, religiosity.