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      Konsep Model Ekowisata Berbasis Perikanan Rajungan Sebagai Instrumen Integrasi Fungsi Pelestarian dan Pemanfaatan Perikanan pada Kawasan Konservasi

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Amurwaraharja, M. Fadel Primanico
      Yulianda, Fredinan
      Kurniawan, Fery
      Kurnia, Rahmat
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      Abstract
      Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) merupakan komoditas perikanan bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang menghadapi ancaman keberlanjutan akibat tekanan eksploitasi. Meskipun kawasan konservasi perairan telah dikembangkan sebagai instrumen pelestarian sumber daya, efektivitas pengelolaannya masih terkendala oleh ketegangan kepentingan dan kesenjangan dialog antara aktor konservasi dan perikanan. Pada Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Daerah (KKPD) Way Kambas, keberadaan stok rajungan yang didukung efek spillover membuka peluang pengembangan ekowisata berbasis perikanan sebagai instrumen integrasi fungsi pelestarian dan pemanfaatan sumber daya. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan konsep model untuk tata kelola kawasan konservasi perairan yang berlandaskan ekosistem lestari dan kesejahteraan komunitas nelayan. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga blok kerangka kerja yang terintegrasi. Blok pertama menerapkan kerangka Coupled Infrastructure System (CIS) untuk mengidentifikasi elemen dan interaksi dalam sistem sosial-ekologi kawasan konservasi. Blok kedua menggunakan kerangka Ecosystem-Based Management (EBM) yang dimodifikasi dengan menempatkan sistem ekologi sebagai inti sistem sosial untuk merumuskan konsep diversifikasi mata pencaharian melalui pemanfaatan jasa ekosistem provisioning dan cultural. Selanjutnya, luaran kedua blok diintegrasikan untuk menyusun konsep model tata kelola kawasan konservasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem sosial-ekologi KKPD Way Kambas tersusun atas interaksi antara sumber daya rajungan, pengguna sumber daya, penyedia infrastruktur publik, serta infrastruktur fisik dan kelembagaan pendukung. Sistem yang ada telah memiliki fondasi konservasi melalui kawasan konservasi, regulasi perikanan, dan kelembagaan masyarakat berupa Kelompok Pengawas Masyarakat (POKMASWAS), namun tata kelola pariwisata belum terintegrasi. Analisis CIS menunjukkan bahwa organisasi pariwisata dapat berperan sebagai infrastruktur kelembagaan tambahan yang memperkuat hubungan antara konservasi, pemanfaatan sumber daya, dan kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir. Analisis kesesuaian wisata dan daya dukung kawasan menunjukkan bahwa wilayah studi berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai ekowisata berbasis perikanan rajungan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dirancang program yang mengintegrasikan pengalaman perikanan, interpretasi konservasi, dan interaksi dengan komunitas nelayan. Sintesis seluruh hasil penelitian menghasilkan konsep model yang menempatkan stok rajungan sebagai fondasi sistem sosial-ekologi dan ekowisata berbasis perikanan sebagai instrumen tata kelola yang memperkuat keberlanjutan sumber daya sekaligus meningkatkan manfaat sosial-ekonomi bagi masyarakat pesisir.
       
      Blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus Linnaeus, 1758) is a high-value fisheries commodity that faces sustainability threats due to increasing exploitation pressure. Although marine protected areas have been established as a key instrument for resource conservation, their management effectiveness remains constrained by conflicting interests and limited dialogue between conservation and fisheries stakeholders. In the Way Kambas Marine Protected, the presence of blue swimming crab stocks supported by the spillover effect creates opportunities for the development of fishery-based ecotourism as a mechanism to integrate conservation and resource utilization objectives. This study aims to formulate a conceptual governance model for blue swimming crab marine protected areas that is founded on ecosystem sustainability and the well-being of fishing communities. This study employs three integrated framework blocks. The first block applies the Coupled Infrastructure System framework to identify key elements and interactions within the social-ecological system of the marine protected area. The second block utilizes a modified Ecosystem-Based Management framework, which places the ecological system at the core of the social system, to develop a sustainable livelihood diversification concept through the utilization of provisioning and cultural ecosystem services. The outputs of these two framework blocks are subsequently integrated to develop a conceptual governance model for the marine protected area. The results show that the social-ecological system of the Way Kambas MPA consists of interactions among blue swimming crab resources, resource users, public infrastructure providers, and supporting physical and institutional infrastructures. The existing system has established a conservation foundation through the marine protected area, fisheries regulations, and community-based institutions represented by Community Watchdog Groups. However, tourism governance has not yet been integrated into the system. The Coupled Infrastructure System (CIS) analysis indicates that tourism organizations can function as an additional institutional infrastructure that strengthens the linkages between conservation, resource utilization, and the well-being of coastal communities. Furthermore, tourism suitability and carrying capacity analyses reveal that the study area has significant potential for the development of blue swimming crab fishery-based ecotourism. Based on these findings, an ecotourism program was designed to integrate fishing experiences, conservation interpretation, and interactions with local fishing communities.The synthesis of all findings resulted in a conceptual model that positions blue swimming crab stocks as the foundation of the social-ecological system and fishery-based ecotourism as a governance instrument that enhances resource sustainability while generating socio-economic benefits for coastal communities.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179352
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      • MF - Fisheries [3359]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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      UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Institutional Repository
      Universitas Jember Digital Repository