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      Karakteristik Semen Segar dan Pengaruh Penambahan Antioksidan pada Semen Cair dan Semen Beku Kuda

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
      Subtype
      Theses
      Author
      Fathiyah, Fitri Dewi
      Arifiantini, R. Iis
      Purwantara, Bambang
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      Abstract
      Perkembangan industri olahraga berkuda meningkatkan kebutuhan terhadap pejantan unggul yang mampu menghasilkan semen berkualitas untuk mendukung inseminasi buatan (IB). Sperma kuda diketahui memiliki sensitivitas tinggi terhadap proses pendinginan dan pembekuan maka ditambahkan antioksidan ke dalam pengencer semen merupakan salah satu strategi untuk mempertahankan kualitas sperma selama preservasi. Glutation telah banyak digunakan sebagai antioksidan pada kriopreservasi semen, sedangkan eugenol sebagai senyawa fenolik alami memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang berpotensi melindungi sperma dari kerusakan oksidatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkarakterisasi kualitas semen segar beberapa individu pejantan kuda, menentukan konsentrasi eugenol terbaik dalam pengencer HF-20 untuk preservasi semen cair, serta mengevaluasi efektivitas eugenol pada semen beku dibandingkan dengan pengencer HF-20 tanpa antioksidan dan HF-20 yang disuplementasi dengan glutation. Penelitian menggunakan lima ekor pejantan kuda dewasa yang menghasilkan lima ejakulat per individu. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam tiga tahap, yaitu karakterisasi kualitas semen segar, penentuan konsentrasi eugenol terbaik (0; 2,5; 5,0; dan 7,5 µg/mL) pada pengencer HF-20 selama preservasi semen cair pada suhu 5°C, serta evaluasi kualitas semen beku menggunakan pengencer HF-20, HF-20 yang disuplementasi dengan eugenol terbaik, dan HF-20 yang disuplementasi dengan glutation 5 mM. Variabel yang diamati meliputi karakteristik makroskopis, meliputi volume, warna, pH dan konsistensi, serta mikroskopis semen meliputi motilitas, konsentrasi dan kinematik sperma menggunakan Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA), viabilitas, abnormalitas, membran plasma utuh (MPU), dan tudung akrosom utuh (TAU) sperma. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK), diikuti uji Duncan pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas semen segar bervariasi antar individu pejantan. Penambahan eugenol pada preservasi semen cair berpengaruh terhadap kualitas sperma, dan konsentrasi optimum dalam mempertahankan motilitas, viabilitas, MPU, dan TAU sperma adalah 2,5 µg/mL. Kualitas sperma dengan pengencer HF-20 yang disuplementasi glutation menghasilkan total dan progressive motility, serta kinematika sperma lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya, sedangkan HF-20 yang disuplementasi eugenol lebih efektif mempertahankan viabilitas, MPU, TAU, dan morfologi sperma dibandingkan dengan HF-20 tanpa antioksidan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa eugenol berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami pada preservasi semen kuda. Konsentrasi eugenol 2,5 µg/mL merupakan konsentrasi optimum dalam pengencer HF-20 untuk semen cair, sedangkan glutation masih lebih efektif mempertahankan motilitas dan kinematika sperma setelah pembekuan. Temuan ini mendukung pengembangan penggunaan antioksidan alami dalam teknologi preservasi dan kriopreservasi semen kuda.
       
      The expanding stallion industry has heightened the demand for genetically superior stallions capable of producing high-quality semen for artificial insemination (AI). Stallion spermatozoa remain highly vulnerable to chilling and freezing injuries, primarily due to oxidative stress-induced membrane damage. Consequently, supplementating semen extenders with antioxidants has emerged as a crucial strategy for maintaining sperm quality during storage. Glutathione is extensively utilized as an antioxidant in semen cryopreservation, meanwhile eugenol, a natural phenolic compound, exhibits strong antioxidant properties and may protect spermatozoa from oxidative damage. This study aimed to characterize the fresh semen quality of individual stallions, ascertain the optimal concentration of eugenol in the HF-20 extender for cooled semen preservation, and evaluate its effectiveness in frozen semen compared to HF-20 alone and HF-20 supplemented with glutathione. Five mature stallions participated in this study, with five ejaculates collected from each. The experiment comprised three sequential stages: characterization of fresh semen quality, determination of the optimal eugenol concentration (0, 2,5 µg/m, 5.0 µg/mL, and 7.5 µg/mL) in the HF-20 extender during cooled semen storage at 5°C, and evaluation of frozen semen quality using HF-20, HF-20 supplemented with 2,5 µg/mL eugenol, and HF-20 supplemented with 5 mM glutathione. Semen quality was assessed based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, sperm motility and kinematic parameters using Computer Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA), viability, abnormalities, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity. Data were analyzed using a randomized complete block design followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a 5% significance level. The quality of fresh semen varied among individual stallions; nevertheless, all ejaculates satisfied the minimum criteria for semen preservation. During the storage of cooled semen, the supplementation of eugenol significantly influenced sperm quality, with 2.5 µg/mL identified as the optimal concentration for maintaining sperm motility, viability, plasma membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity. In the context of post-thaw frozen semen, HF-20 supplemented with glutathione resulted in higher total motility, progressive motility, and sperm kinematic parameters compared to other treatments. Conversely, HF-20 supplemented with eugenol more effectively preserved sperm viability, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and morphology than the control extender lacking antioxidants. The study concludes that eugenol exhibits potential as a natural antioxidant for the preservation of stallion semen. Specifically, supplementation with 2.5 µg/mL eugenol was found to be optimal for the preservation of cooled semen. In contrast, glutathione demonstrated superior efficacy in maintaining post-thaw motility and sperm kinematics. These results advocate for the advancement of antioxidant supplementation strategies in the preservation and cryopreservation of equine semen.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179259
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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