Analisis Ekspresi Gen pada Aplikasi Nano Kurkumin dan Melatonin terhadap Maturasi Ovarium Xiphophorus maculatus

Abstract

Ikan platy (Xiphophorus maculatus) merupakan ikan hias yang keberhasilan reproduksinya berkaitan erat dengan maturasi ovarium, regulasi hormonal, dan keseimbangan oksidatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh suplementasi nano kurkumin, melatonin, dan kombinasi keduanya melalui pakan terhadap maturasi ovarium dan kinerja reproduksi induk betina ikan platy. Induk betina berumur tiga bulan diberi empat perlakuan pakan, yaitu kontrol (K), nano kurkumin 4 mg/kg pakan (C), melatonin 1 mg/kg pakan (M), dan kombinasi keduanya (CM). Parameter yang diamati meliputi kinerja reproduksi, kelangsungan hidup larva, indeks gonadosomatik (GSI), indeks hepatosomatik (HSI), histologi ovarium dan hati, serta ekspresi relatif gen star, cyp19a1a, pgr, vtg, dan sod1. Seluruh perlakuan menghasilkan induk bunting dan melahirkan sebesar 100%. Perlakuan CM menghasilkan jumlah larva tertinggi, sedangkan M menghasilkan jumlah larva terendah. Kelangsungan hidup larva dan GSI tidak berbeda nyata antarperlakuan, sedangkan HSI tertinggi terdapat pada M. Ekspresi star dan cyp19a1a pada ovarium berbeda nyata antarperlakuan dan menunjukkan respons tertinggi pada CM, sedangkan ekspresi pgr pada ovarium dan vtg pada hati tidak berbeda nyata. Ekspresi sod1 menunjukkan respons spesifik jaringan pada ovarium dan hati. Suplementasi kombinasi nano kurkumin dan melatonin melalui pakan menghasilkan respons terbaik melalui peningkatan ekspresi gen star dan cyp19a1a pada ovarium yang mengindikasikan penguatan proses steroidogenesis dan maturasi ovarium, serta menghasilkan jumlah larva tertinggi.

Platy fish (Xiphophorus maculatus) is an ornamental species whose reproductive performance is closely associated with ovarian maturation, hormonal regulation, and oxidative balance. This study evaluated the effects of dietary nano curcumin, melatonin, and their combination on ovarian maturation and reproductive performance of female platy fish. Three-month-old females were assigned to four dietary treatments: control (K), nano curcumin at 4 mg/kg feed (C), melatonin at 1 mg/kg feed (M), and their combination (CM). Parameters included reproductive performance, larval survival, gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), ovarian and liver histology, and relative expression of star, cyp19a1a, pgr, vtg, and sod1. All treatments resulted in 100% gravid and parturient females. The CM treatment produced the highest larval output, whereas M produced the lowest. Larval survival and GSI did not differ significantly among treatments, while HSI was highest in M. Ovarian star and cyp19a1a expression differed significantly among treatments and showed the strongest responses in CM, whereas pgr and hepatic vtg were not significantly affected. The expression of sod1 showed tissue-specific responses in the ovary and liver. Dietary supplementation with a combination of nano curcumin and melatonin produced the most favorable response by increasing ovarian star and cyp19a1a gene expression, indicating enhanced steroidogenesis and ovarian maturation, while also resulting in the highest number of larvae.