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      Pengaruh Faktor Oseanografi (Suhu, Klorofil-A, Salinitas) Terhadap Produktivitas Ikan Layang (Decapterus spp.) di Laut Natuna

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      PRASETYO, REZA HABIB
      Gaol, Jonson Lumban
      Arhatin, Risti Endriani
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      Abstract
      Ikan layang (Decapterus spp.) merupakan komoditas perikanan pelagis kecil bernilai ekonomis tinggi yang didaratkan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Pemangkat, Laut Natuna, namun data produksi mengindikasikan kecenderungan tekanan penangkapan yang meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan antara parameter oseanografi (suhu permukaan laut, klorofil-a, dan salinitas) dengan hasil tangkapan per upaya (CPUE) ikan layang periode 2016–2019, melalui analisis cross-correlation function (CCF) dan generalized additive model (GAM). Analisis CCF menunjukkan korelasi signifikan antara suhu permukaan laut dan CPUE pada lag optimal singkat, serta antara klorofil-a dan CPUE dengan arah berlawanan, sementara salinitas tidak menunjukkan pola lag waktu yang jelas. Model GAM menunjukkan bahwa SPL (lag 0 bulan) dan klorofil-a (lag 1 bulan) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap CPUE (p=0,0078 dan p=0,0040), sedangkan salinitas (lag 6 bulan, sesuai hasil CCF) tidak signifikan (p=0,9798) meski dimodelkan bersama kedua peubah lainnya. Model SPL+Klorofil-a+Salinitas dan model SPL+Klorofil-a menunjukkan performa terbaik dan paling konsisten antara data training dan data test, menjelaskan sekitar 57% variasi CPUE. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa SPL dan klorofil-a merupakan penentu nyata CPUE ikan layang di Laut Natuna, sedangkan pengaruh salinitas tidak terkonfirmasi meski telah disesuaikan dengan lag terbaik menurut analisis CCF, sehingga diperlukan data jangka panjang yang lebih memadai untuk memperkuat generalisasinya.
       
      Scad (Decapterus spp.) is an economically valuable small pelagic fishery commodity landed at Pemangkat Nusantara Fishing Port, Natuna Sea, yet production data indicate an increasing fishing pressure trend. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between oceanographic parameters (sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a, and salinity) and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of scad during 2016–2019, including the time lag of its response, using cross-correlation function (CCF) and generalized additive model (GAM) analyses. The CCF analysis found a significant correlation between sea surface temperature and CPUE at a short time lag, as well as between chlorophyll-a and CPUE in the opposite direction, while salinity showed no clear lag pattern. The GAM showed that SPL (0-month lag) and chlorophyll-a (1-month lag) were significant predictors of CPUE (p=0,0078 and p=0,0040), whereas salinity (6-month lag, following the CCF result) was not significant (p=0,9798) even when modeled together with the other two variables. The SPL+chlorophyll-a+salinity and SPL+chlorophyll-a models showed the best and most consistent performance between training and test data, explaining about 57% of CPUE variation. These results indicate that SPL and chlorophyll-a are genuine drivers of scad CPUE in the Natuna Sea, while the effect of salinity was not confirmed even after adjusting for its best lag according to the CCF analysis, so longer-term data are needed to strengthen this generalization.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/179111
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