Analisis Dampak Pertambangan dan Wisata Alam Terhadap Masyarakat Desa Gunungmasigit di Kawasan Karst Citatah Kabupaten Bandung Barat

Abstract

Kawasan Karst Citatah merupakan salah satu bentang alam karst yang aktif dimanfaatkan sebagai kawasan pertambangan dan wisata alam. Selain memberikan manfaat ekonomi bagi masyarakat sekitar, pemanfaatan kawasan ini dihadapkan pada tantangan terkait kerusakan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi persepsi masyarakat, mengestimasi manfaat ekonomi dan mengetahui dampak lingkungan akibat pemanfaatan kawasan tersebut di Desa Gunungmasigit. Pemilihan responden menggunakan multistage cluster sampling. Metode analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif dengan skala likert, analisis pendapatan (share dan covering) dan analisis dampak lingkungan menggunakan cost of illness serta loss of earning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum masyarakat desa mengetahui keberadaan tambang dan pabrik pengolahan hasil tambang serta wisata alam. Pada tingkat wilayah, kontribusi pertambangan tertinggi terdapat pada wilayah dekat pertambangan (share 40,21%; covering 130,10%), sedangkan wisata alam tertinggi pada wilayah dekat wisata (share 51,06%; covering 56,61%). Sedangkan pada tingkat rumah tangga pelaku sektor, pertambangan menunjukkan tingkat ketergantungan ekonomi lebih tinggi (share 83,64%; covering 155,26%) dibanding wisata alam (share 56,01%; covering 87,54%). Adapun estimasi nilai kerugian akibat berobat karena pencemaran sebesar Rp179.186.400 per bulan dan estimasi biaya kehilangan pendapatan responden akibat tidak bekerja karena sakit sebesar Rp156.606.000 per bulan sehingga pengelolaan kawasan perlu menyeimbangkan manfaat ekonomi dengan perlindungan lingkungan.

The Citatah Karst Area is an actively utilized karst landscape for limestone mining and nature-based tourism. Besides providing economic benefits to local communities, its utilization also posed environmental challenges. This study aimed to identify community perceptions, estimate the economic benefits, and assess the environmental impacts of these activities in Gunungmasigit Village. Respondents were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis with a Likert scale, share and covering analyses, and environmental impact valuation through the Cost of Illness (CoI) and Loss of Earning (LoE) approaches. The results showed that the community generally recognized the presence of mining activities, limestone processing plants, and nature-based tourism. At the regional level, mining generated the highest economic contribution in areas near mining sites (share 40,21%; covering 130,10%), while tourism contributed the most in areas near tourist attractions (share 51,06%; covering 56,61%). At the household level, mining exhibited greater economic dependence (share 83,64%; covering 155,26%) than tourism (share 56,01%; covering 87,54%). Pollution-related medical costs were estimated at Rp179.186.400 per month, while income losses due to illness were estimated at Rp156.606.000 per month. These findings highlighted the need to balance economic benefits with environmental protection in managing the Citatah Karst Area.