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      Aplikasi Whole Genome Sequencing dan Penghambatan Biofilm Bakteri Industri Pengolahan Ikan Menggunakan Kombinasi Enzim-Disinfektan

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Lisnaina, Evira
      Abdullah, Asadatun
      Nurhayati, Tati
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      Abstract
      Biofilm merupakan salah satu permasalahan utama dalam industri pengolahan pangan karena dapat meningkatkan persistensi mikroba pada permukaan peralatan serta menurunkan efektivitas proses sanitasi. Keberadaan matriks extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) menyebabkan bakteri di dalam biofilm lebih toleran terhadap berbagai agen antimikroba dibandingkan sel planktonik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkarakterisasi komunitas bakteri pembentuk biofilm pada unit pengolahan ikan menggunakan pendekatan Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) serta menentukan kombinasi disinfektan dengan enzim yang paling efektif dalam menghambat biofilm bakteri. Penelitian diawali dengan pengambilan sampel pada produk dan lingkungan produksi dari tiga unit pengolahan ikan yang berbeda. Sampel biofilm kemudian dikultur, dan dilakukan simulasi pembentukan biofilm pada permukaan stainless steel, lalu dilakukan ekstraksi DNA dan dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan WGS. Analisis bioinformatika dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi komposisi komunitas bakteri dan berbagai gen yang berperan dalam pembentukan biofilm. Pengujian efektivitas penghambatan biofilm dilakukan menggunakan perlakuan tunggal dan kombinasi a-amilase 2 U/mL, tripsin 0,1 U/mL, klorin 200 ppm. Jumlah bakteri pada biofilm setelah perlakuan ditentukan menggunakan metode total plate count (TPC), kemudian dihitung jumlah reduksinya. Hasil analisis komunitas bakteri menunjukkan bahwa biofilm yang terbentuk memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda pada setiap lokasi pengambilan sampel. Analisis WGS berhasil merakit genom bakteri yang dominan pada masing-masing sampel, yaitu Enterococcus faecalis pada sampel PT A, Bacillus licheniformis pada sampel PT B, dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa pada sampel PT C. Analisis genom menunjukkan keberadaan berbagai gen yang berperan dalam sintesis EPS, adhesi, stabilitas, dan regulasi biofilm. Selain itu, terdeteksi gen resistensi disinfektan yang didominasi oleh mekanisme pompa efluks terhadap senyawa quaternary ammonium compound (QACs) dan natrium hipoklorit. Keberadaan gen tersebut menunjukkan potensi adaptasi bakteri terhadap tekanan sanitasi pada lingkungan pengolahan pangan. Pengujian efektivitas perlakuan menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi a-amilase, tripsin, dan klorin merupakan perlakuan yang paling efektif dalam menghambat biofilm dengan nilai reduksi 2,46 log CFU, nilai ini lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan tunggal maupun kombinasi lainnya. Peningkatan efektivitas tersebut diduga berkaitan dengan kemampuan a-amilase dan tripsin dalam mendegradasi komponen polisakarida dan protein matriks biofilm sehingga meningkatkan efektivitas kerja klorin terhadap sel bakteri. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi enzim dan disinfektan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai strategi pengendalian biofilm yang lebih efektif pada industri pengolahan pangan.
       
      Biofilms are a major concern in food processing industries because they enhance microbial persistence on equipment surfaces and reduce the effectiveness of sanitation procedures. The presence of an extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) matrix enables biofilm-associated bacteria to tolerate antimicrobial agents more effectively than their planktonic counterparts. This study aimed to characterize biofilm-forming bacterial communities in fish processing facilities using a Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) approach and to determine the most effective combination of disinfectant and enzymes for biofilm inhibition. Samples were collected from products and processing environments of three different fish processing facilities. Biofilm-forming bacteria were cultured, and biofilm formation was simulated on stainless steel surfaces. Genomic DNA was subsequently extracted and analyzed using WGS. Bioinformatics analyses were performed to identify bacterial community composition and genes associated with biofilm formation. The antibiofilm efficacy of single and combined treatments consisting of a-amylase 2 U/mL, trypsin 0.1 U/mL, and chlorine 200 ppm was evaluated. Viable biofilm-associated bacteria were enumerated using the total plate count (TPC) method, and log reductions were calculated. The results revealed distinct biofilm bacterial communities among sampling locations. WGS analysis successfully reconstructed the genomes of the dominant bacterial species from each sample, namely Enterococcus faecalis from PT A, Bacillus licheniformis from PT B, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa from PT C. Genomic analysis identified various genes involved in EPS synthesis, adhesion, biofilm stability, and biofilm regulation. In addition, disinfectant resistance genes were detected, predominantly associated with efflux pump mechanisms against quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and sodium hypochlorite. The presence of these genes suggests an adaptive capacity of biofilm-associated bacteria to withstand sanitation pressures in food processing environments. Among all treatments, the combination of a-amylase, trypsin, and chlorine exhibited the highest antibiofilm activity, resulting in a 2.46 log CFU reduction, which exceeded those achieved by single treatments or other treatment combinations. This enhanced efficacy was likely attributable to the ability of a-amylase and trypsin to degrade polysaccharide and protein components of the biofilm matrix, thereby improving chlorine penetration and antimicrobial activity against biofilm-embedded cells. These findings demonstrate that WGS is a valuable tool for elucidating the genetic characteristics of biofilm-forming bacteria in food processing environments. Furthermore, the combined application of a-amylase, trypsin, and chlorine shows potential as an effective strategy for biofilm control in the food processing industry.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/178905
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      • MF - Fisheries [3362]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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      Universitas Jember Digital Repository