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      Analisis Determinan Gizi Lebih dan Hubungannya dengan Memori Jangka Pendek pada Remaja di Kota Depok

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      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Tesis
      Subtype
      Theses
      Author
      MUHARRAMAH, NURUL AWALIYAH
      Khomsan, Ali
      Ekawidyani, Karina Rahmadia
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      Abstract
      NURUL AWALIYAH MUHARRAMAH. Analisis Determinan Gizi Lebih dan Hubungannya dengan Memori Jangka Pendek pada Remaja di Kota Depok. Dibimbing oleh ALI KHOMSAN dan KARINA RAHMADIA EKAWIDYANI. Fase remaja terjadi banyak perkembangan otak yang membentuk pengambilan keputusan, salah satunya pada pemilihan dan kebiasaan makan. Banyak remaja yang memilih makanan cepat saji karena faktor kemudahan, harga, dan cita rasa yang enak. Gizi lebih pada remaja bersifat multifaktorial, dipengaruhi oleh faktor individu, faktor orang tua, serta faktor lingkungan. Gizi lebih juga berkaitan terhadap perubahan neurologis, termasuk gangguan regulasi hormon seperti leptin, perubahan struktur otak, serta penurunan integritas fungsi memori. Memori jangka pendek berperan penting dalam proses penerimaan dan retensi informasi dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan gizi lebih dan hubungannya dengan memori jangka pendek pada remaja di Kota Depok. Penelitian ini menggunakan design comparative cross-sectional dan telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei-Agustus 2025 yang berlokasi di Kota Depok. Pemilihan kecamatan sebagai unit kluster melalui cluster random sampling, sampel dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling melalui koordinasi dengan pihak sekolah. Perhitungan sampel menggunakan rumus Lwanga dan Lemeshow dan setelah ditambah 10% antisipasi drop out yaitu 60 masing-masing grup. Perhitungan sampel menggunakan rumus Lwanga dan Lameshow dengan hasil minimal 108 subjek, ditambah 10% antisipasi drop out sehingga total menjadi 120 siswa. Pengolahan data menggunakan program WHO AnthroPlus, Microsoft Excel 2021 dan IBM SPSS Version 24.0. Analisis data menggunakan analisis Man Whitney Test untuk menganalisis perbedaan karakteristik individu, aktivitas fisik, tingkat kecukupan gizi, dan kualitas makan. Analisis bivariat menggunakan analisis hubungan chi-square, korelasi Pearson dan Spearman Rank dengan nilai signifikansi p<0,05. Analisis multivariat menggunakan analisis regresi logistik berganda untuk mengetahui pengaruh determinan gizi lebih dan regresi linear berganda untuk mengetahui pengaruh gizi lebih terhadap memori jangka pendek pada remaja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata status gizi remaja gizi lebih adalah 1,89 z-score dan status gizi remaja normal -0,2 z-score. Tingkat kecukupan energi, protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat berbeda signifikan, dengan nilai yang lebih tinggi pada remaja bergizi normal (p<0,05). Hasil analisis bivariat determinan gizi lebih remaja yang berhubungan signifikan pada remaja yaitu jenis kelamin (f=0,186; p=0,041), aktivitas fisik (r=0,232; p=0,011), Tingkat kecukupan energi (r=-0,443; p<0,001), protein (r=-0,271; p=0,003), lemak (r=-0,303; p<0,001), dan karbohidrat (r=-0,421; p<0,001), dan kualitas diet (r=0,220; p=0,016). Terdapat pengaruh signifikan antara indeks masa tubuh menurut umur (IMT/U) terhadap memori jangka pendek (p=0,010, B=-0,507), yang menunjukkan bahwa setiap peningkatan 1 z-score IMT/U diikuti dengan penurunan skor memori jangka pendek remaja sebesar 0,507 poin. Kata Kunci : Depok, determinan gizi lebih, memori jangka pendek, remaja.
       
      NURUL AWALIYAH MUHARRAMAH. Analysis of Excess Weight Determinants and its Association with Short-Term Memory among Adolescents in Depok City. Supervised by ALI KHOMSAN and KARINA RAHMADIA EKAWIDYANI. Adolescence is a period of significant brain development that shapes decision-making, including food choices and eating habits. Many adolescents choose fast food because it is convenient, inexpensive, and tastes good. Overweight in adolescents is multifactorial, influenced by individual, parental, and environmental factors. Excess weight is also associated with neurological changes, including hormonal regulation disorders such as leptin, changes in brain structure, and decreased memory function integrity. Short-term memory plays an important role in the process of receiving and retaining information in learning. This study aims to analyze the determinants of excess weight and its association with shortterm memory in adolescents in Depok City. The study used a comparative cross-sectional design and was conducted from May to August 2025 in Depok City. Subdistricts were selected as cluster units using cluster random sampling, and sample was selected using purposive sampling in coordination with school officials. Sample calculation used the Lwanga and Lemeshow formula with a 10% allowance for anticipated dropouts, resulting in 60 each group. Data on subject characteristics, parents, duration of social media use, and physical activity were collected by questionnaire interview. Dietary intake data were collected using the 2x24 hour food recall method. Adolescent diet quality was used the diet quality index for adolescents (DQI-A). Data processing was conducted using the WHO AnthroPlus program, Microsoft Excel 2021, and IBM SPSS Version 24.0. Data analysis employed the Mann-Whitney U test to assess differences in individual characteristics, physical activity, nutritional adequacy, and dietary quality. Bivariate analysis was performed using the chi-square test, Pearson’s correlation, and Spearman’s rank correlation, with a significance level of p<0.05. Multivariate analysis utilized multiple logistic regression to determine the influence of determinants of overnutrition and multiple linear regression to assess the effect of overnutrition on short-term memory in adolescents. The results showed that the average nutritional status of excess weight adolescents was 1.89 z-score and that of normal adolescents was -0.2 z-score. The adequacy levels of energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrates differed significantly, with higher values observed in adolescents with normal nutrition (p<0.05). Bivariate analysis of determinants of adolescent excess weight showed significant associations with gender (f=0.186; p=0.041), physical activity (r=0.232; p=0.011), energy adequacy (r=-0.443; p<0.001), protein (r=-0.271; p=0.003), fat (r=-0.303; p<0.001), carbohydrates (r=-0.421; p<0.001), and diet quality (r=0.220; p=0.016). There was a significant association between age-adjusted body mass index (BMI/A) and short-term memory (p=0.010, B=-0.507), indicating that for every 1 z-score increase in BMI/A, adolescents’ short-term memory scores decreased by 0.507 points. Keywords: Adolescents, depok, determinants excess weight, short-term memory.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/178857
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