Analisis Kekuatan dan Ketahanan Perekat Limbah Styrofoam untuk Konstruksi Kapal

Abstract

Timbulan limbah styrofoam menjadi permasalahan lingkungan serius, sementara informasi terkait pemanfaatanya sebagai bahan perekat konstruksi kapal, serta kekuatan dan ketahananya terhadap air masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pemanfaatannya sebagai bahan perekat konstruksi kapal, serta menganalisis kekuatan dan ketahanan. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Alat Penangkapan Ikan dan Laboratorium Material Departemen Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan, IPB University, Januari–Maret 2026. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi dan experimental laboratory. Styrofoam dilarutkan dalam bensin dan aseton membentuk perekat, perekat diujicoba pada simulasi sambungan kayu meranti. Kekuatan tarik dan geser diuji menggunakan UTM pada tiga variasi arah serat kayu meranti, sedangkan ketahanan diuji kekedapan air laut selama 7 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbandingan perekat campuran styrofoam dengan bensin adalah 1:1,25 (1,6 gram styrofoam : 2,0 gram bensin) dan campuran styrofoam dengan aseton 1:1,11 (1,8 gram styrofoam : 2,0 gram aseton). Hasil kekuatan tarik tegak lurus serat perekat bensin 194,11 KgF dan perekat aseton 23,75 KgF. Tarik sejajar serat perekat bensin 103,59 KgF dan perekat aseton 136,12 KgF. Geser tegak lurus perekat bensin 51,94 KgF dan perekat aseton 41,14 KgF. Hasil uji kekedapan air, perekat bensin mampu menahan penetrasi air laut selama 7 hari tanpa kebocoran dibandingkan perekat aseton.

Styrofoam waste generation is a serious environmental problem, while information related to its use as an adhesive material for ship construction, as well as its strength and resistance to water is still limited. This study aims to describe its use as an adhesive material for ship construction, as well as to analyze its strength and resistance. The study was conducted at the Fishing Gear Laboratory and Materials Laboratory of the Department of Fisheries Resource Utilization, IPB University, January–March 2026. The methods used were observation and experimental laboratory. Styrofoam was dissolved in gasoline and acetone to form an adhesive, the adhesive was tested on a simulation of meranti wood joints. Tensile and shear strength were tested using UTM on three variations of meranti wood grain directions, while durability was tested for seawater tightness for 7 days. The results showed that the adhesive ratio of the styrofoam mixture with gasoline was 1:1.25 (1.6 grams of styrofoam: 2.0 grams of gasoline) and the styrofoam mixture with acetone was 1:1.11 (1.8 grams of styrofoam: 2.0 grams of acetone). The results of the perpendicular tensile strength of the gasoline adhesive fiber are 194.11 KgF and the acetone adhesive is 23.75 KgF. The parallel tensile strength of the gasoline adhesive fiber is 103.59 KgF and the acetone adhesive is 136.12 KgF. The perpendicular shear strength of the gasoline adhesive is 51.94 KgF and the acetone adhesive is 41.14 KgF. The results of the waterproofing test, the gasoline adhesive is able to withstand seawater penetration for 7 days without leakage compared to the acetone adhesive.