Peningkatan Kesadaran Nelayan Purse Seine dalam Penanganan dan Penyimpanan Ikan Cakalang di Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera Kendari

Abstract

Penanganan dan penyimpanan ikan cakalang yang tidak sesuai dengan peraturan yang berlaku di PPS Kendari dapat menyebabkan penurunan mutu ikan cakalang sehingga dapat menyebabkan penurunan harga jual serta berpotensi membahayakan konsumen. PPS Kendari telah menyelenggarakan program pelatihan sebagai upaya peningkatan mutu ikan cakalang, tetapi program pelatihan tersebut secara signifikan belum meningkatkan kesadaran nelayan terhadap mutu ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor penyebab ketidaksesuaian penerapan prosedur penanganan dan penyimpanan ikan cakalang, menilai tingkat kapasitas nelayan dan peran pelabuhan, serta merumuskan program edukasi nelayan. Data penelitian ini diperoleh melalui observasi langsung, kuesioner dan wawancara, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan diagram fishbone untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab, lalu kapasitas nelayan dan peran pelabuhan dinilai menggunakan skala likert, serta dianalisis menggunakan Training Need Analysis untuk merumuskan program pelatihan edukasi nelayan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab ketidaksesuaian penerapan prosedur diidentifikasi menjadi enam faktor, yaitu faktor pengetahuan dan kompetensi, persepsi dan sikap, ekonomi, fasilitas dan lingkungan, sistem dan pengawasan, serta pasar. Penilaian tingkat kapasitas nelayan dan pelabuhan menggunakan empat kategori yaitu persepsi, kemampuan, kemauan, dan kondisi eksisting yang dinilai dengan lima skor, dan diperoleh kesenjangan total enam belas untuk nelayan, dan dua puluh enam untuk pelabuhan. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian tersebut, disusun rancangan program peningkatan kapasitas nelayan melalui tahapan gap analysis, penyusunan desain modul pelatihan, dan perancangan rencana uji coba (pilot implementation). Selanjutnya rancangan ini menjadi acuan bagi pelaksanaan pelatihan serta kegiatan pendampingan dan evaluasi pascapelatihan oleh pihak pelabuhan.

The handling and storage of skipjack tuna that do not comply with applicable regulations at PPS Kendari can lead to a decline in fish quality, resulting in lower selling prices and posing potential risks to consumers. PPS Kendari has conducted training programs as an effort to improve skipjack tuna quality; however, these programs have not significantly increased fishermen's awareness of fish quality. This study aims to analyze the factors causing noncompliance in the application of skipjack tuna handling and storage procedures, assess the capacity level of fishermen and the port's role, and formulate an educational program for fishermen. Data were collected through direct observation, questionnaires, and interviews, then analyzed using a fishbone diagram to identify the causal factors. The capacity of fishermen and the port's role were subsequently assessed using a Likert scale and analyzed using Training Needs Analysis (TNA) to formulate an educational training program for fishermen. The results show that the causes of non-compliance were identified into six factors: knowledge and competence, perception and attitude, economics, facilities and environment, systems and supervision, and market. The capacity assessment of fishermen and the port was conducted across four categories, namely perception, ability, willingness, and existing conditions, each rated on a five-point scale, yielding a total gap score of sixteen for fishermen and twenty-six for the port. Based on these assessment results, a capacity-building program for fishermen was designed through the stages of gap analysis, training module design, and pilot implementation planning. This design is intended to serve as a reference for the port authority in conducting the actual training as well as post training mentoring and evaluation activities.