Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Produk Turunan Nikel ke Pasar China dan Keberlanjutan Industri Hilirisasi Nikel di Indonesia

Abstract

Nikel merupakan komoditas strategis yang berperan penting dalam mendukung perkembangan industri kendaraan listrik dan transisi energi global. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis daya saing ekspor produk turunan nikel Indonesia ke pasar China serta mengevaluasi keberlanjutan industri hilirisasi nikel di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Porter's Five Forces, dan Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries berbasis Multidimensional Scaling (Rapfish-MDS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar produk turunan nikel memiliki keunggulan komparatif, namun industri masih menghadapi tekanan persaingan dan ketergantungan pada pasar China. Analisis Rapfish menunjukkan bahwa dimensi ekonomi memperoleh indeks tertinggi (65,49), sedangkan dimensi ekologi terendah (23,05), sehingga seluruh wilayah penelitian masih berada pada kategori kurang berkelanjutan. Kondisi ini mengindikasikan bahwa pengembangan industri hilirisasi nikel belum mampu mengintegrasikan pprinsip Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) secara optimal sehingga berpotensi menghambat daya saing dan pemenuhan tuntutan keberlanjutan di pasar global.

Nickel is a strategic commodity that plays an important role in supporting the electric vehicle industry and the global energy transition. This study aims to analyze the export competitiveness of Indonesia's downstream nickel products in the Chinese market and evaluate the sustainability of the nickel downstream industry. The study employs the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Porter's Five Forces, and Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries based on Multidimensional Scaling (Rapfish-MDS). The results show that most downstream nickel products possess comparative advantages; however, the industry still faces intense competition and high dependence on the Chinese market. Rapfish analysis indicates that the economic dimension achieved the highest sustainability index (65.49), while the ecological dimension recorded the lowest (23.05), placing all study areas in the less sustainable category. These findings suggest that the industry has not yet optimally integrated Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles, potentially constraining industrial competitiveness and compliance with global sustainability requirements.