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      Analisis Hipotesis Kuznets dan Pengaruh Urbanisasi terhadap Ketimpangan Pendapatan di Indonesia

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      SAHASIKA, FASHYA HALEPI
      Panjaitan, Dian Verawati
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      Abstract
      Ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia menjadi isu pembangunan di tengah meningkatnya urbanisasi yang berlangsung tidak merata. Berdasarkan hipotesis Kuznets, ketimpangan cenderung meningkat pada tahap awal pembangunan ekonomi dan menurun seiring dengan kemajuan ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji hipotesis Kuznets serta menganalisis pengaruh urbanisasi terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia. Data mencakup 38 provinsi selama periode 2017–2025 dengan metode analisis deskriptif, regresi data panel kuadratik, dan pendekatan Instrumental Variable Two-Stage Least Squares (IV-2SLS) untuk mengatasi endogenitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara nasional urbanisasi berhubungan signifikan terhadap ketimpangan dengan pola inverted U- shaped, sedangkan pada tingkat regional hubungannya bervariasi. Selain itu, Pendapatan per kapita membentuk pola U-shaped, kemiskinan dan tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja berpengaruh positif, sementara rata-rata lama sekolah serta kontribusi sektor pertanian dan manufaktur berpengaruh signifikan di beberapa wilayah. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa kebijakan pengurangan ketimpangan perlu bersifat berbasis wilayah dan mempertimbangkan karakteristik struktur ekonomi masing-masing daerah.
       
      Income inequality in Indonesia remains a development issue amid uneven urbanization. Based on the Kuznets hypothesis, inequality tends to increase in the early stages of economic development and decline as development progresses. This study examines the Kuznets hypothesis and the effect of urbanization on income inequality in Indonesia using data from 38 provinces during 2017–2025. The analysis employs descriptive statistics, quadratic panel data regression, and the Instrumental Variable Two-Stage Least Squares (IV-2SLS) approach to address endogeneity. The results show that, at the national level, urbanization has a significant inverted U-shaped relationship with income inequality, while the relationship varies across regions. Per capita income exhibits a U-shaped pattern, whereas poverty, labour force participation, mean years of schooling, and the agricultural and manufacturing sectors have significant effects in several regions. These findings suggest that inequality reduction policies should be tailored to regional economic characteristics.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/178493
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      • UF - Economics and Development Studies [3299]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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