Studi Keragaman Komunitas dan Seed bank Gulma Pada Berbagai Jenis Naungan di Perkebunan Kopi Rakyat Sindangkerta Bandung

Abstract

Keberadaan gulma menjadi salah satu kendala utama budidaya kopi karena bersaing merebut air, hara, dan ruang tumbuh. Perbedaan naungan menciptakan kondisi lingkungan beragam yang memengaruhi komposisi gulma. Pemahaman gulma dominan dan cadangan bijinya di dalam tanah (seed bank) penting untuk strategi pengendalian. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keragaman komunitas dan seed bank gulma di Perkebunan Kopi Rakyat Sindangkerta, Bandung Barat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei pada tiga taraf naungan yaitu pinus, hutan, dan tanpa naungan. Analisis vegetasi dilakukan menggunakan metode kuadrat sensus, kemudian dilakukan pengamatan seed bank di dalam greenhouse. Hasil menunjukkan perbedaan komposisi, jumlah individu, dan spesies antar naungan. Lahan tanpa naungan memiliki biomassa dan populasi gulma tertinggi, sedangkan naungan hutan memunculkan spesies terbanyak, dan naungan pinus memiliki jumlah individu dan biomassa paling sedikit. Spesies didominasi oleh gulma berdaun lebar A. riparia (pinus), A. conyzoides (hutan), dan A. philoxeroides (tanpa naungan). Seed bank berbeda dari vegetasi permukaan, didominasi S. alata, A. conyzoides dan O. latifolia. Indeks keanekaragaman komunitas dan seed bank tergolong sedang. Koefisien komunitas (<75%) menandakan heterogenitas komunitas gulma. Intensitas cahaya dan suhu menjadi faktor utama yang memengaruhi struktur komunitas. Pengendalian gulma perlu dilakukan secara terpadu dengan menyesuaikan jenis naungan, dominansi gulma dan potensi seed bank.

Weeds are a major constraint in coffee cultivation by competing for water, nutrients, and growing space. Different shade types create diverse environmental conditions that influence weed composition. Understanding dominant weeds and their soil seed bank is essential for effective control strategies. This study aimed to analyze weed community and seed bank diversity in smallholder coffee plantations in Sindangkerta, West Bandung. The research employed a survey method across three shade levels: pine, forest, and open area. Vegetation analysis was conducted using the census quadrat method, followed by seed bank observation in a greenhouse. Results showed differences in composition, abundance, and species richness across shade types. Open areas had the highest weed biomass and population, forest shade exhibited the highest species richness, while pine shade had the lowest individuals and biomass. Species were dominated by broadleaf weeds: A. riparia (pine), A. conyzoides (forest), and A. philoxeroides (open). The seed bank differed from surface vegetation, dominated by S. alata, A. conyzoides, and O. latifolia. Diversity indices for both communities and seed banks were moderate. Community coefficients (<75%) indicated heterogeneous weed communities. Light intensity and temperature were key factors influencing community structure. Integrated weed control practices should be tailored to shade type, weed dominance, and seed bank potential.