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      Dampak Peningkatan Mandatori Biodiesel terhadap Keseimbangan Domestik-Ekspor CPO Indonesia

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Karangan, Christa Kezia
      Novindra
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      Abstract
      Indonesia sebagai produsen minyak sawit terbesar di dunia menghadapi tantangan dalam menjaga keseimbangan antara pemenuhan kebutuhan domestik dan ekspor CPO seiring peningkatan program mandatori biodiesel. Peningkatan kebutuhan CPO untuk biodiesel berpotensi mengurangi alokasi ekspor apabila tidak diimbangi dengan peningkatan kapasitas produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memprediksi dinamika produksi, konsumsi domestik, dan ekspor CPO Indonesia dalam konteks program mandatori biodiesel, serta menentukan prioritas alternatif kebijakan untuk menjaga keseimbangan domestik dan ekspor CPO. Penelitian menggunakan metode System Dynamics untuk mensimulasikan dinamika sistem hingga tahun 2030 melalui empat skenario kebijakan, serta Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) untuk menentukan prioritas alternatif berdasarkan penilaian stakeholder. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa skenario peningkatan produksi melalui ekspansi lahan menghasilkan produksi dan ekspor CPO tertinggi, namun memerlukan pengembangan lahan yang berpotensi menimbulkan tantangan keberlanjutan. Sementara itu, skenario peningkatan produktivitas mampu menjaga keseimbangan antara kebutuhan domestik dan ekspor dengan pendekatan yang lebih berkelanjutan. Hasil AHP menunjukkan bahwa alternatif hilirisasi dan pemanfaatan biodiesel domestik menjadi prioritas utama dengan bobot 0,7469, dibandingkan penguatan ekspor CPO sebesar 0,2531. Implikasi penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan produktivitas perkebunan yang didukung penguatan industri hilir merupakan strategi yang lebih berkelanjutan dalam mendukung ketahanan energi sekaligus menjaga daya saing industri kelapa sawit Indonesia.
       
      Indonesia, as the world's largest palm oil producer, faces the challenge of maintaining a balance between domestic CPO utilization and exports amid the expansion of the mandatory biodiesel program. The increasing demand for CPO as biodiesel feedstock may reduce export availability if it is not accompanied by an increase in production capacity. This study aims to predict the dynamics of Indonesia's CPO production, domestic consumption, and exports under the mandatory biodiesel program, as well as to determine policy priorities for maintaining the balance between domestic utilization and CPO exports. The study employed the System Dynamics approach to simulate the system until 2030 under four policy scenarios and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to identify policy priorities based on stakeholder preferences. The simulation results indicate that the land expansion scenario generates the highest CPO production and export volumes but may pose sustainability challenges. In contrast, the productivity improvement scenario is more capable of maintaining the balance between domestic demand and exports through a more sustainable approach. The AHP results show that the downstream development and domestic biodiesel utilization alternative ranks as the highest policy priority with a weight of 0.7469, exceeding the strengthening CPO exports alternative with a weight of 0.2531. These findings suggest that improving plantation productivity, supported by downstream industry development, is a more sustainable strategy for strengthening Indonesia's energy security while maintaining the competitiveness of its palm oil industry.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/178415
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      • UF - Resources and Environmental Economic [2447]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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