Analisis Manfaat Reduksi Emisi Karbon dan Strategi Pengembangan Pengelolaan Sampah Terpadu di TPST Mutiara Bogor Raya

Abstract

Peningkatan timbulan sampah perkotaan yang tidak diikuti sistem pengelolaan berkelanjutan berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK), terutama metana (CH4). Tempat Pengelolaan Sampah Terpadu (TPST) Mutiara Bogor Raya menerapkan sistem pengelolaan sampah terpadu berbasis zero waste melalui pemilahan dan pengolahan sampah menjadi produk bernilai guna. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi sistem pengelolaan sampah, menganalisis manfaat ekonomi reduksi emisi karbon, dan menentukan strategi pengembangan pengelolaan sampah terpadu. Metode yang digunakan meliputi analisis deskriptif kualitatif, Landfill Gas Emissions (LandGEM) v3.1, Social Cost of Carbon (SCC), harga pasar karbon Indonesia, serta Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa TPST menerapkan pendekatan Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3R) melalui pengelolaan sampah organik, anorganik, dan residu. Selama periode 2017–2025, pengelolaan sampah mampu mereduksi emisi sebesar 886,04 ton CO2e, dengan manfaat ekonomi sebesar Rp3.193.305.459 berdasarkan pendekatan SCC dan Rp75.313.400 berdasarkan harga pasar karbon Indonesia. Strategi prioritas yang direkomendasikan adalah penangkapan dan pemanfaatan gas metana (methane capture) dengan nilai net flow tertinggi sebesar 0,3889, karena paling efektif dalam menurunkan emisi, mengurangi pencemaran dan timbulan sampah, serta mendukung keberlanjutan pengelolaan TPST.

The increase in urban waste generation, which has not been accompanied by a sustainable management system, contributes to rising greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly methane (CH4). The Mutiara Bogor Raya Integrated Waste Management Facility (TPST) implements a zero-waste-based integrated waste management system through waste sorting and processing into useful products. This study aims to identify the waste management system, analyze the economic benefits of carbon emission reductions, and determine strategies for developing an integrated waste management system. The methods used include qualitative descriptive analysis, Landfill Gas Emissions (LandGEM) v3.1, Social Cost of Carbon (SCC), Indonesian carbon market prices, and the Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE). The results show that the TPST implements the Reduce, Reuse, and Recyce (3R) approach through the management of organic, inorganic, and residual waste. During the 2017–2025 period, waste management is capable of reducing emissions by 886.04 metric tons of CO2e, with economic benefits of IDR 3,193,305,459 based on the SCC approach and IDR 75,313,400 based on Indonesia’s carbon market price. The recommended priority strategy is methane capture, which has the highest net flow value of 0.3889, as it is the most effective in reducing emissions, minimizing pollution and waste generation, and supporting the sustainability of TPST management.