IPB University Logo

SCIENTIFIC REPOSITORY

IPB University Scientific Repository collects, disseminates, and provides persistent and reliable access to the research and scholarship of faculty, staff, and students at IPB University

AI Repository
 
Building and Categories


      View Item 
      •   IPB Repository
      • Final Assignments
      • Doctoral Final Assignments
      • DF - Forestry
      • View Item
      •   IPB Repository
      • Final Assignments
      • Doctoral Final Assignments
      • DF - Forestry
      • View Item
      JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it.

      STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN DAYA SAING DESA WISATA DI KABUPATEN BOGOR

      Thumbnail
      View/Open
      Cover (520.6Kb)
      Fulltext (3.245Mb)
      Lampiran (3.691Mb)
      Date
      2026
      Jenis/Type
      Disertasi
      Subtype
      Dissertations
      Author
      Ardiansyah, Imam
      Soekmadi, Rinekso
      Sriharini, Endang Koestati
      Rachmawati, Eva
      Metadata
      Show full item record
      Abstract
      Desa wisata merupakan instrumen strategis untuk mendorong pemerataan pembangunan, penguatan ekonomi lokal, dan konservasi sumber daya alam maupun budaya namun banyak desa wisata masih berhenti pada tahap rintisan akibat lemahnya tata kelola, keterbatasan kapasitas kelembagaan dan rendahnya daya saing. Penelitian terdahulu umumnya memotret potensi desa wisata secara statis dan belum banyak menghubungkan diagnosis sumber daya dengan penentuan prioritas strategi yang partisipatif serta kontekstual terhadap kearifan lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan strategi pengembangan daya saing desa wisata di Kabupaten Bogor berdasarkan tahap perkembangannya yaitu rintisan, berkembang dan maju. Secara khusus penelitian mengidentifikasi potensi dan sumber daya strategis, menganalisis faktor internal dan eksternal serta menentukan prioritas dan urutan implementasi strategi pengembangan daya saing. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan studi multikasus komparatif pada tiga desa wisata yang dipilih secara purposif dengan logika maximum variation berdasarkan perbedaan tahap perkembangan, infrastruktur, produk wisata, pengelolaan dan sumber daya manusia. Lokasi penelitian meliputi Desa Sukajadi, Kecamatan Tamansari, sebagai desa wisata rintisan; Desa Cimande, Kecamatan Caringin, sebagai desa wisata berkembang dan Desa Tugu Utara, Kecamatan Cisarua sebagai desa wisata maju. Data dikumpulkan pada Januari-Desember 2025 melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara mendalam, kuesioner dan studi dokumen. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap lima informan ahli yaitu ketua desa wisata Sukajadi, Cimande dan Tugu Utara serta Ketua dan Wakil Desa Wisata Kabupaten Bogor. Kuesioner penilaian faktor internal-eksternal dan perbandingan berpasangan AHP diberikan kepada 30 responden pada setiap desa yang terdiri atas pengelola desa wisata, perangkat pemerintah desa, kelompok sadar wisata dan pemuka masyarakat. Analisis menggunakan kerangka terintegrasi A'WOT. Sumber daya internal didiagnosis dengan VRIO sedangkan lingkungan eksternal dianalisis melalui PESTEL. Faktor kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang dan ancaman dikuantifikasi menggunakan matriks IFE-EFE dan dipetakan pada matriks IE. Alternatif strategi dirumuskan melalui SWOT kemudian prioritasnya ditentukan menggunakan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil analisis selanjutnya ditafsirkan melalui konsep modal sosial dalam kearifan lokal Sunda Tri Tangtu Silih, yaitu silih asih, silih asah, dan silih asuh serta dibandingkan dengan praktik pengembangan desa wisata yang telah berhasil untuk menilai kelayakan dan urutan implementasi strategi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap desa memiliki keunggulan daya saing yang khas. Desa Cimande menonjol pada aspek sosial budaya melalui Pencak Silat Cimande, pengobatan tradisional patah tulang, Talek Cimande, makam Embah Khaer, minyak Cimande dan tanaman obat sebagai satu rantai nilai budaya. Desa Sukajadi unggul pada sumber daya fisik dan biologis berupa lanskap kaki Gunung Salak, Curug Pangeran, sawah terasering, kebun stroberi dan hortikultura dataran tinggi yang membentuk potensi agroekowisata. Desa Tugu Utara memiliki Telaga Warna, Telaga Saat, Curug Cibulao, biodiversitas kawasan penyangga Taman Nasional Gunung Gede-Pangrango serta karakter komunitas multikultural. Analisis VRIO menghasilkan tiga pola daya saing. Desa Cimande membentuk pola lembah dalam yaitu kuat pada warisan budaya tetapi lemah dalam tata kelola dan kepemimpinan. Desa Sukajadi menunjukkan pola huruf U, dengan kekuatan pada sumber daya dan dukungan kebijakan namun lemah pada faktor operasional. Desa Tugu Utara membentuk pola plato tinggi, dengan seluruh dimensi relatif kuat tetapi rentan terhadap keberlanjutan ekologis. Analisis PESTEL dan EFE mengidentifikasi peluang utama berupa pertumbuhan kunjungan, meningkatnya minat wisata alam dan budaya, dukungan kebijakan, serta digitalisasi pemasaran, sementara ancaman dominan meliputi perubahan iklim dan bencana, alih fungsi lahan, dan persaingan antardestinasi. Pembobotan AHP atas hasil SWOT menunjukkan dominasi strategi SO (0,47), diikuti ST (0,28), WO (0,16), dan WT (0,09), dengan pengembangan paket wisata berbasis keunggulan lokal sebagai prioritas utama di ketiga desa. Temuan utama penelitian adalah bahwa daya saing tidak semata ditentukan oleh pilihan strategi, melainkan oleh ketepatan urutan pelaksanaannya, sehingga strategi prioritas ditata ulang ke dalam dua fase, yaitu fase pembangunan fondasi kelembagaan, digital, dan lingkungan (kelompok WO dan WT), diikuti fase akselerasi keunggulan (SO1). Temuan yang diperbarui menegaskan bahwa strategi prioritas tersebut dapat dielevasi dari skala tiga desa kasus menjadi strategi prioritas pengembangan daya saing pada skala Kabupaten Bogor. Ketiga desa berkedudukan sebagai representasi tiga kategori kematangan sehingga profil strategisnya menjadi template bagi 72 desa wisata di Kabupaten Bogor, yang baru 64 di antaranya teregistrasi dalam Jaringan Desa Wisata (Jadesta) dan 36 dilegalkan melalui Surat Keputusan Bupati. Pada skala kabupaten, strategi prioritas tersusun atas empat pilar yang saling terkait, yaitu (1) tata kelola bertahap yang membedakan mekanisme dan mode koordinasi menurut kategori, yakni fasilitatif-direktif pada rintisan, kolaboratif-deliberatif pada berkembang, dan korporatif-regulatif pada maju; (2) penguatan modal sosial menurut klasifikasi desa wisata berbasis tipologi Tri Tangtu Silih dengan membangun lapisan modal sosial yang menjadi kendala pengikat pada tiap tahap; (3) inventarisasi sumber daya secara menyeluruh dan terstandardisasi dalam satu basis data terpadu dengan Jadesta; serta (4) budaya dalam konservasi yang menempatkan kearifan lokal Sunda sebagai wujud adaptasi manusia terhadap lingkungan sekaligus instrumen konservasi keanekaragaman hayati.
       
      Tourism villages serve as a strategic instrument for promoting equitable development, strengthening local economies, and conserving natural and cultural resources. However, many tourism villages remain at the pioneering stage due to weak governance, limited institutional capacity and low competitiveness. Previous studies have generally portrayed tourism village potential in a static manner and have rarely linked resource diagnosis with participatory strategy prioritization that is contextualized within local wisdom. This study aims to formulate strategies for enhancing the competitiveness of tourism villages in Bogor Regency according to their development stages, namely pioneering, developing, and advanced. Specifically, the study identifies strategic potential and resources, analyzes internal and external factors, and determines the priorities and sequencing of competitiveness development strategies. The study employed a comparative multiple-case study approach involving three tourism villages purposively selected using a maximum variation logic based on differences in development stage, infrastructure, tourism products, management, and human resources. The study sites comprised Sukajadi Village, Cimande Village and Tugu Utara Village. Data were collected from January to December 2025 through field observations, in-depth interviews, questionnaires, and document reviews. Interviews were conducted with five expert informants, namely the heads of the Sukajadi, Cimande, and Tugu Utara tourism villages, as well as the Chair and Vice Chair of the Bogor Regency Tourism Village Association. Questionnaires assessing internal and external factors and AHP pairwise comparisons were administered to 30 respondents in each village, consisting of tourism village managers, village government officials, tourism awareness groups, and community leaders. The analysis employed an integrated A'WOT framework. Internal resources were diagnosed using VRIO, while the external environment was analyzed through PESTEL. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats were quantified using the IFE-EFE matrices and positioned within the IE matrix. Strategic alternatives were formulated through SWOT analysis, after which their priorities were determined using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results were then interpreted through the concept of social capital embedded in the Sundanese local wisdom of Tri Tangtu Silih, namely (silih asih), (silih asah), and (silih asuh), and compared with successful tourism village development practices to assess the feasibility and sequencing of strategy implementation. The findings show that each village possesses distinctive competitive advantages. Cimande Village stands out in socio-cultural aspects through Cimande Pencak Silat, traditional bone fracture treatment, Talek Cimande, the sacred tomb of Embah Khaer, Cimande oil, and medicinal plants, which together form an integrated cultural value chain. Sukajadi Village is distinguished by its physical and biological resources, including the foothill landscape of Mount Salak, Curug Pangeran waterfall, terraced rice fields, strawberry plantations, and highland horticulture, which collectively create strong agro-ecotourism potential. Tugu Utara Village features Telaga Warna, Telaga Saat, Curug Cibulao, the biodiversity of the buffer zone of Mount Gede-Pangrango National Park, and a multicultural community character. The VRIO analysis identified three competitiveness patterns. Cimande exhibits a “deep-valley” pattern, characterized by strong cultural heritage but weak governance and leadership. Sukajadi displays a “U-shaped” pattern, with strengths in resources and policy support but weaknesses in operational factors. Tugu Utara shows a “high-plateau” pattern, in which all dimensions are relatively strong, although ecological sustainability remains vulnerable. The PESTEL and EFE analyses identified the main opportunities as growth in visits, rising interest in nature- and culture-based tourism, policy support, and digital marketing, while the dominant threats include climate change and disasters, land-use conversion, and inter-destination competition. The AHP weighting of the SWOT results showed the dominance of SO strategies (0.47), followed by ST (0.28), WO (0.16), and WT (0.09), with the development of tourism packages based on local advantages as the top priority in all three villages. A central finding is that competitiveness is determined not merely by the choice of strategy but by the correct sequencing of its implementation; the priority strategy was therefore reordered into two phases, namely building institutional, digital, and environmental foundations (the WO and WT groups), followed by accelerating local-advantage packages (SO1). The updated findings establish that this priority strategy can be elevated from the scale of the three case villages to a regency-scale competitiveness development strategy for Bogor Regency. Because the three villages represent the three maturity categories, their strategic profiles serve as templates for the 72 tourism villages in the regency, of which only 64 are registered in the Tourism Village Network (Jadesta) and 36 are formalized through a Regent Decree. At the regency scale, the priority strategy comprises four interrelated pillars: (1) staged governance that differentiates mechanisms and coordination modes by category, namely facilitative-directive for pioneering, collaborative-deliberative for developing, and corporate-regulatory for advanced villages; (2) social-capital strengthening by classification, grounded in the Tri Tangtu Silih typology, that builds the social- capital layer constituting the binding constraint at each stage; (3) comprehensive and standardized resource inventory within a database integrated with Jadesta; and (4) culture in conservation that positions Sundanese local wisdom as a form of human adaptation to the environment and an instrument for biodiversity conservation.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/178261
      Collections
      • DF - Forestry [372]

      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
      All rights reserved
      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
      IPB University Scientific Repository
      UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Institutional Repository
      Universitas Jember Digital Repository
        

       

      Browse

      All of IPB RepositoryCollectionsBy Issue DateAuthorsTitlesSubjectsThis CollectionBy Issue DateAuthorsTitlesSubjects

      My Account

      Login

      Application

      google store

      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
      All rights reserved
      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
      IPB University Scientific Repository
      UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Institutional Repository
      Universitas Jember Digital Repository