Analisis Produktivitas dan Rendemen Tebu dengan Penerapan Dosis Pupuk Anorganik yang Seragam di Wilayah Kerja PG Madukismo

Abstract

Produktivitas dan rendemen tebu nasional berkisar 70–80 ton ha-1 dengan rendemen sekitar 7–8%, jauh di bawah potensi optimal di atas 100 ton ha-1 pada lahan sawah dan 90 ton ha-1 pada lahan kering dengan target rendemen di atas 10%, sementara dosis pupuk anorganik yang diterapkan seragam pada lahan berkondisi agroekologi berbeda diduga belum optimal di tiap lokasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis produktivitas dan rendemen tebu akibat penerapan dosis pupuk seragam pada tiga kabupaten kebun mitra PG Madukismo, yaitu Sleman, Bantul, dan Purworejo. Data dikumpulkan melalui taksasi produksi serta pengukuran brix dan pol pada tujuh batang contoh per kebun, dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA, uji jarak berganda Duncan, dan korelasi Pearson. Hasil menunjukkan produktivitas tebu (64,4–84,42 ton ha-1) berbeda nyata antarkabupaten (P=0,0001), sedangkan rendemen berbeda sangat nyata (P=0,0001), dengan Purworejo tertinggi (6,30%) meski produktivitasnya terendah, sementara Bantul dan Sleman unggul pada produktivitas namun rendemen lebih rendah, menunjukkan trade-off kuantitas dan kualitas hasil. Kondisi tanah, iklim, dan umur tebang lebih dominan memodulasi rendemen dibanding dosis pupuk. Standardisasi dosis pupuk tanpa mempertimbangkan karakteristik lahan spesifik berpotensi tidak optimal, sehingga diperlukan pendekatan site-specific nutrient management guna mengoptimalkan produktivitas dan rendemen tebu bersamaan.

National sugarcane productivity and sucrose recovery (rendement) range from 70–80 tons ha-1 and approximately 7–8%, respectively, far below the optimal potential of over 100 tons ha-1 on paddy fields and 90 tons ha-1 on dry land, with a target recovery rate above 10%, while uniform inorganic fertilizer dosage applied across sites with differing agroecological conditions is suspected to be suboptimal for each location. This study aimed to analyze sugarcane productivity and sucrose recovery resulting from uniform fertilizer application across three partner-estate regencies of PG Madukismo, namely Sleman, Bantul, and Purworejo. Data were collected through yield estimation and Brix and pol measurements on seven sample stalks per estate, then analyzed using ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, and Pearson correlation. Results showed that productivity (64,4–84,42 tons ha-1) differed significantly among districts (P=0,0001), whereas sucrose recovery differed highly significantly (P=0,0001), with Purworejo highest (6,30%) despite having the lowest productivity, while Bantul and Sleman excelled in productivity but showed lower recovery, indicating a quantity–quality trade-off. Soil, climate, and harvest-age conditions modulated recovery more strongly than fertilizer dose itself. Standardizing fertilizer dosage without considering site-specific land characteristics may therefore be suboptimal, indicating a need for site-specific nutrient management to optimize both productivity and sucrose recovery simultaneously.