Analisis Pemasaran dan Perbandingan Pendapatan Petani Garam Rakyat Mitra dan Nonmitra Koperasi Garam Inti Rakyat Kecamatan Krangkeng, Kabupaten Indramayu

Abstract

Petani garam rakyat di Kecamatan Krangkeng menghadapi fluktuasi harga di tingkat petani serta lemahnya posisi tawar dalam memasarkan hasil produksinya sehingga berdampak pada pendapatan usahatani. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur pasar, efisiensi pemasaran, serta membandingkan pendapatan usahatani petani garam rakyat mitra dan nonmitra Koperasi Garam Inti Rakyat (KGIR). Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 54 responden yang terdiri atas 24 petani mitra dan 30 petani nonmitra. Analisis yang digunakan meliputi market share, Four-Firm Concentration Ratio (CR4), Minimum Efficient Scale (MES), analisis pendapatan usahatani, uji Mann-Whitney, serta analisis marjin pemasaran, farmer's share, dan rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur pasar garam pada tingkat petani mengarah pada pasar persaingan sempurna dengan konsentrasi pasar dan hambatan masuk yang rendah. Saluran pemasaran melalui koperasi merupakan saluran paling efisien karena menghasilkan marjin pemasaran terendah dan farmer's share tertinggi. Pendapatan usahatani dan nilai R/C ratio petani mitra juga lebih tinggi secara signifikan dibandingkan petani nonmitra. Penguatan peran koperasi diperlukan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pemasaran dan pendapatan petani garam rakyat.

Smallholder salt farmers in Krangkeng District face farm-gate price fluctuations and weak bargaining power in marketing their products, which affect farm income. This study aimed to analyze market structure and marketing efficiency, and to compare the farm income of partner and non-partner smallholder salt farmers of the Koperasi Garam Inti Rakyat (KGIR). The study involved 54 respondents, consisting of 24 partner farmers and 30 non-partner farmers. The analyses included market share, the Four-Firm Concentration Ratio (CR4), the Minimum Efficiency Scale (MES), the Mann-Whitney test, marketing margin, farmer's share, and the profit-to-cost ratio. The results indicate that the salt market at the farm level tends toward perfect competition, characterized by low market concentration and low entry barriers. The cooperative marketing channel was the most efficient, as indicated by the lowest marketing margin and the highest farmer's share. Partner farmers earned significantly higher farm income and R/C ratio than non-partner farmers. Strengthening the role of cooperatives is essential to improve marketing efficiency and the income of smallholder salt farmers.