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      Pengaruh Suhu dan Komposisi Media terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Biji Dua Varietas Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) secara In Vitro.

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Suyono, Keisya Khadija
      Dinarti, Diny
      Santosa, Edi
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      Abstract
      Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) merupakan komoditas hortikultura bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang dikenal sebagai Queen of Tropical Fruits, namun budidaya manggis masih terkendala fase juvenil yang panjang, pertumbuhan yang lambat, dan ketersediaan bahan tanam yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh suhu inkubasi dan komposisi media terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan eksplan setengah biji manggis varietas Bogor Raya dan varietas Malinau. Percobaan menggunakan eksplan setengah biji manggis varietas Bogor Raya dan Malinau dengan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) pola split plot dengan petak utama dua taraf suhu inkubasi (23 ± 2 °C dan 30 ± 2 °C), anak petak empat taraf komposisi media (MS + BAP 3 mg L?¹, MS + BAP 6 mg L?¹, MS ½ N + BAP 5 mg L?¹, dan MS + BAP 7 mg L?¹ + madu 3 mL L?¹). Percobaan pertama menggunakan varietas Bogor Raya dengan 11 ulangan dan 8 perlakuan dengan 88 satuan percobaan serta 160 eksplan satuan amatan. Percobaan kedua menggunakan varietas Malinau dengan 4 ulangan dan 8 perlakuan dengan 32 satuan percobaan serta 64 eksplan satuan amatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada varietas Bogor Raya, suhu inkubasi 30 ± 2 °C menghasilkan jumlah tunas lebih banyak pada 6 minggu setelah perlakuan (MSP) (4,8 tunas). Suhu 23 ± 2 °C lebih mendukung pertumbuhan tunas, yang ditunjukkan oleh tinggi tunas yang lebih tinggi pada seluruh waktu pengamatan dan berpengaruh nyata pada 3 dan 6 MSP. Interaksi suhu inkubasi dan komposisi media berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah tunas pada 6 MSP, perlakuan suhu 30 ± 2 °C dan media MS + BAP 7 mg L?¹ + madu 3 mL L?¹ menghasilkan jumlah tunas terbanyak (7,5 tunas). Varietas Malinau menunjukkan bahwa suhu inkubasi 30 ± 2 °C menghasilkan jumlah tunas lebih banyak pada 6 MSP (10,7 tunas), sedangkan suhu 23 ± 2 °C menghasilkan jumlah daun (12,1 helai) lebih banyak. Komposisi media MS + BAP 3 mg L?¹ cenderung memberikan respons pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tunas terbaik pada kedua varietas, yang ditunjukkan oleh kecenderungan menghasilkan jumlah tunas, tinggi tunas, dan jumlah daun tertinggi pada akhir pengamatan.
       
      Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a horticultural commodity with high economic value known as the Queen of Tropical Fruits, but mangosteen cultivation is still hampered by the long juvenile phase, slow growth, and low availability of planting materials. This study aims to study the effect of incubation temperature and media composition on the growth and development of half-seed explants of mangosteen varieties Bogor Raya and Malinau. The experiment used half-seed explants of mangosteen varieties Bogor Raya and Malinau with a Randomized Complete Block Design (RKLT) split plot pattern with two main plots of incubation temperature levels (23 ± 2 °C and 30 ± 2 °C), subplots of four levels of media composition (MS + BAP 3 mg L?¹, MS + BAP 6 mg L?¹, MS ½ N + BAP 5 mg L?¹, and MS + BAP 7 mg L?¹ + honey 3 mL L?¹). The first experiment used the Bogor Raya variety with 11 replications and 8 treatments with 88 experimental units and 160 explants per observation unit. The second experiment used the Malinau variety with 4 replications and 8 treatments with 32 experimental units and 64 explants per observation unit. The results showed that in the Bogor Raya variety, an incubation temperature of 30 ± 2 °C produced a higher number of tuna at 6 weeks after treatment (WAT) (4.8 tuna). A temperature of 23 ± 2 °C was more supportive of shoot growth, as indicated by higher shoot heights throughout the observation period and significantly affected 3 and 6 WAT. The interaction of incubation temperature and media composition significantly affected the number of tuna at 6 WAT, the treatment of temperature 30 ± 2 °C and MS media + BAP 7 mg L?¹ + honey 3 mL L?¹ produced the highest number of tuna (7.5 tuna). The Malinau variety showed that an incubation temperature of 30 ± 2 °C produced a greater number of shoots at 6 WAT (10.7 shoots), while a temperature of 23 ± 2 °C produced a greater number of leaves (12.1 strands). The MS + BAP 3 mg L?¹ media composition tended to provide the best growth and shoot development response in both varieties, as indicated by the tendency to produce the highest number of shoots, shoot height, and number of leaves in the final observation.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/178151
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      • UF - Agronomy and Horticulture [7736]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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