Struktur Komunitas Makrozoobentos Sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Air di Sungai Ciliwung
Abstract
AHMAD HANIF MUTHI. Struktur Komunitas Makrozoobentos sebagai Bioindikator Kualitas Air di Sungai Ciliwung. Dibimbing oleh HEFNI EFFENDI dan INNA PUSPA AYU.
Sungai Ciliwung merupakan salah satu sungai yang mengalami penurunan kualitas air akibat aktivitas antropogenik. Makrozoobentos merupakan bioindikator yang umum digunakan untuk menilai kualitas air. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur komunitas makrozoobentos di sepanjang Sungai Ciliwung untuk menentukan status kualitas air. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di 11 stasiun yang mewakili segmen hulu hingga hilir pada September–Desember 2025 menggunakan Surber net dan Ekman grab. Analisis meliputi kepadatan, indeks keanekaragaman, keseragaman, dominansi, Family Biotic Index (FBI), indeks similaritas, dan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi 36 genus, 20 famili, 9 ordo, dan 7 kelas. Kepadatan berkisar 60–6.143 ind/m², indeks keanekaragaman 1,00–3,29, keseragaman 0,23–1,00, dan dominansi 0,12–0,82. Nilai FBI menunjukkan kualitas air di segmen hulu tergolong agak buruk hingga buruk, sedangkan segmen tengah dan hilir tergolong buruk hingga sangat buruk. Hasil PCA menunjukkan bahwa segmen hulu berasosiasi dengan DO, kecepatan arus, serta kelas Insecta dan Turbellaria, sedangkan segmen tengah dan hilir berasosiasi dengan BOD, COD, TSS, kekeruhan, dan kelas Clitellata. Perubahan struktur komunitas makrozoobentos dari organisme sensitif menjadi toleran mencerminkan penurunan kualitas air dari hulu ke hilir Sungai Ciliwung.
Kata kunci: Bioindikator, Sungai Ciliwung, makrozoobentos, kualitas air, family biotic index. AHMAD HANIF MUTHI. Macrozoobenthos Community Structure as a Bioindicator of Water Quality in the Ciliwung River. Supervised by HEFNI EFFENDI and INNA PUSPA AYU.
The Ciliwung River is one of the rivers experiencing water quality degradation due to anthropogenic activities. Macrozoobenthos are commonly used bioindicators for assessing water quality. This study aimed to analyze the macrozoobenthic community structure along the Ciliwung River watershed to determine water quality status. Sampling was conducted at 11 stations representing upstream to downstream segments from September to December 2025 using Surber nets and Ekman grabs. Analyses included density, diversity index, evenness, dominance, the Family Biotic Index (FBI), similarity index, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The study identified 36 genera, 20 families, 9 orders, and 7 classes. Density ranged from 60 to 6,143 ind/m², diversity index from 1.00 to 3.29, evenness from 0.23 to 1.00, and dominance from 0.12 to 0.82. FBI values indicated that water quality in the upstream segment ranged from fair to poor, while the middle and downstream segments ranged from poor to very poor. PCA results showed that the upstream segment were associated with DO, current velocity, and the classes Insecta and Turbellaria, whereas the middle and downstream segments were associated with BOD, COD, TSS, turbidity, and the class Clitellata. The shift in macrozoobenthic community structure from sensitive to tolerant organisms reflects the decline in water quality from upstream to downstream.
Kata kunci: Bioindicator, Ciliwung River, family biotic index, macrozoobenthos, water quality.
