Analisis Social-Ecological System (SES) terhadap Pendapatan dan Adaptasi Nelayan Akibat Perubahan Iklim (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Palabuhanratu, Kabupaten Sukabumi)

Abstract

Small-scale capture fisheries in Palabuhanratu face serious threats from climate change, which disrupts ecosystem stability and fishers’ welfare. This study aims to: (1) analyze the interconnections among Social-Ecological System (SES) components; (2) analyze the income level of small-scale fishers; and (3) to recommend adaptation strategies for fishers in response to climate change. This study employs a mixed-methods approach. Descriptive analysis is used to map SES interactions, while quantitative analysis is applied to calculate fishers’ income. The results show that the SES network has a density value of 0.291, indicating a loosely coupled system with structural asymmetry, in which governance functions (Resource Governance) and small-scale fishers (Resource Users) serve as key nodes within the SES network. A total of 96.5% of respondents experienced a decline in income, while 93.0% reported a decrease in fish catches. During the low season, fishers experienced a loss of IDR 486,170 per trip, whereas during the peak season, net income reached IDR 11,642,132 per trip. Fishers’ adaptation strategies are still dominated by short-term coping behaviors; the social organization domain with a score of 3.91 and the learning domain, reflected by 98.8% access to BMKG weather information, serve as key strengths, while assets and agency remain the main weaknesses in responding to climate change.

Perikanan tangkap skala kecil di Palabuhanratu menghadapi ancaman serius akibat perubahan iklim yang mendisrupsi stabilitas ekosistem dan kesejahteraan nelayan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis keterkaitan antar komponen Social-Ecological System (SES); (2) menganalisis tingkat pendapatan nelayan; dan (3) merekomendasikan strategi adaptasi nelayan dalam merespons perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan campuran (mixed methods). Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk memetakan interaksi SES berdasarkan kerangka Cinner (2018), sementara analisis kuantitatif digunakan untuk menghitung pendapatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepadatan jaringan SES sebesar 0,291 (loosely coupled) dengan asimetri struktural, di mana fungsi tata kelola (Resource Governance) dan nelayan kecil (Resource Users) menjadi node kunci dalam jaringan SES. Sebanyak 96,5% responden mengalami penurunan pendapatan dan 93,0% mengalami penurunan hasil tangkapan. Pada musim paceklik, nelayan mengalami kerugian sebesar (-Rp486.170) per trip, sedangkan pada musim panen raya pendapatan bersih mencapai Rp11.642.132 per trip. Strategi adaptasi nelayan masih didominasi perilaku jangka pendek; domain organisasi sosial (skor 3,91) dan pembelajaran (98,8% akses informasi BMKG) menjadi kekuatan, sedangkan aset dan agensi menjadi kelemahan utama dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim.