Kajian Aspek Biologi, Teknik, Legalitas dan Finansial Alat Tangkap Trawl di Perairan Kota Bengkulu

Abstract

Penggunaan alat tangkap trawl di perairan Kota Bengkulu masih menjadi isu karena berkaitan dengan keberlanjutan sumber daya ikan, efektivitas penangkapan, kelayakan usaha, dan kepatuhan terhadap peraturan perikanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji penggunaan alat tangkap trawl berdasarkan aspek biologi, teknis dan legalitas, serta finansial. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Tangkahan Teluk Sepang, Kota Bengkulu pada Desember 2025–Januari 2026 dan Maret–April 2026 menggunakan metode survei melalui observasi lapangan dan wawancara dengan nelayan. Analisis biologi dilakukan berdasarkan komposisi hasil tangkapan utama dan hasil tangkapan sampingan serta perbandingan ukuran hasil tangkapan utama dengan Length at first maturity (Lm). Analisis teknis meliputi metode pengoperasian, daya jangkau operasi, pengaruh lingkungan, dan legalitas alat tangkap berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Nomor 36 Tahun 2023, sedangkan analisis finansial menggunakan Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C Ratio) dan Payback Period (PP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proporsi hasil tangkapan utama meningkat dari 32% pada musim paceklik menjadi 66% pada musim penangkapan. Sebagian besar hasil tangkapan utama belum mencapai ukuran matang gonad pertama, kecuali ikan layur. Secara teknis alat tangkap mudah dioperasikan, namun secara legal belum memenuhi ketentuan Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Nomor 36 Tahun 2023. Seluruh unit usaha memiliki nilai R/C Ratio lebih dari satu sehingga layak dioperasikan.

The use of trawl fishing gear in the waters of Bengkulu City remains an important issue due to its implications for fishery resource sustainability, fishing efficiency, business feasibility, and compliance with fisheries regulations. This study aimed to assess the use of trawl fishing gear based on biological, technical and legal, and financial aspects. The research was conducted at Teluk Sepang Fishing Base, Bengkulu City, from December 2025 to January 2026 and March to April 2026 using a survey method through field observations and interviews with fishermen. Biological analysis was carried out based on the composition of the main catch and bycatch, as well as by comparing the size of the main catch with the Length at first maturity (Lm). Technical analysis included fishing operations, operational range, environmental influences, and the legal compliance of the fishing gear with the Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia Number 36 of 2023. Financial feasibility was evaluated using the Revenue Cost Ratio (R/C Ratio) and Payback Period (PP). The results showed that the proportion of the main catch increased from 32% during the low fishing season to 66% during the peak fishing season. Most of the main catch had not reached the Length at first maturity, except for largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus). Technically, the fishing gear was easy to operate; however, it did not fully comply with the provisions of the Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Number 36 of 2023. All fishing units had an R/C Ratio greater than one, indicating that the business was financially feasible.