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      Penapisan dan Identifikasi Isolat Khamir Toleran Aflatoksin B1 serta Deteksi Gen Detoksifikasinya

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      ARTUTI, TIARA MARKHAIRINA
      Astuti, Rika Indri
      Rachmania, Nisa
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      Abstract
      Kontaminasi aflatoksin B1 (AFB1) pada pangan menjadi ancaman bagi kesehatan karena bersifat karsinogenik, stabil, dan tahan terhadap berbagai proses pengolahan. Pemanfaatan khamir sebagai agen biologis menjadi alternatif aman dan ramah lingkungan untuk mengurangi cemaran AFB1. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh dan mengidentifikasi isolat khamir toleran AFB1 serta mendeteksi kandidat gen yang berperan dalam proses detoksifikasi aflatoksin pada isolat terpilih. Uji toleransi dilakukan menggunakan metode spot assay pada media YPDA yang mengandung AFB1 konsentrasi 50, 100, dan 200 ppb. Isolat terpilih diidentifikasi melalui sekuensing daerah ITS dan analisis filogenetik, sedangkan deteksi kandidat gen dilakukan menggunakan primer epoxide hydrolase (EH) dan ATP-binding cassette transporter (YCF1) melalui PCR. Sebagian besar isolat mampu bertahan hingga 200 ppb AFB1 dengan toleransi terbaik pada BT1 dan Pichia kudriavzevii 1P4. Analisis molekuler mengidentifikasi BT1 sebagai Wickerhamomyces anomalus (homologi 100%). Amplifikasi gen EH dan YCF1 tidak menghasilkan amplikon target pada kedua isolat meskipun telah dilakukan optimasi PCR. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa isolat BT1 dan 1P4 merupakan khamir toleran AFB1. Tidak terdeteksinya gen EH dan YCF1 saat PCR diduga akibat variasi genetik kedua gen terhadap khamir S. cerevisiae ataupun ketiadaan gen ini pada kedua isolat, mengindikasikan dugaan adanya jalur detoksifikasi lain di luar gen EH dan YCF1 yang diuji.
       
      Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in food is a serious health risk because it is carcinogenic, stable, and resistant to processing methods. Using yeast as a biological agent offers a safe and environmentally friendly alternative for reducing AFB1 contamination. This study aimed to obtain and identify AFB1-tolerant yeast isolates and to detect candidate genes involved in aflatoxin detoxification in selected isolates. Tolerance was tested using the spot assay on YPDA medium with AFB1 at 50, 100, and 200 ppb. Selected isolates were identified by ITS region sequencing and phylogenetic analysis, whereas candidate genes were detected by PCR using primers for epoxide hydrolase (EH) and ATP-binding cassette transporter (YCF1). Most isolates survived up to 200 ppb AFB1, with the highest tolerance observed in BT1 and Pichia kudriavzevii 1P4. Molecular analysis identified BT1 as Wickerhamomyces anomalus (100% homology). Amplification of the EH and YCF1 genes failed to produce target amplicons in either isolate despite PCR optimization. These findings indicate that BT1 and 1P4 are AFB1-tolerant yeasts. The failure to detect the EH and YCF1 genes may result from genetic variations relative to Saccharomyces cerevisiae or from their absence in both isolates, suggesting the presence of alternative detoxification pathways beyond those investigated.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/177903
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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