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      Karakterisasi Struktur Anatomi, Sekretori, dan Histokimia Daun serta Perikarp Manggis Merah (Garcinia forbesii King)

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Rahma, A'Isyah Muthiah
      Chikmawati, Tatik
      Sulistyaningsih, Yohana Caecilia
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      Abstract
      Manggis merah (Garcinia forbesii King) merupakan tumbuhan anggota famili Clusiaceae dan berasal dari Kalimantan Selatan. Tumbuhan G. forbesii dimanfaatkan bagian daun dan perikarpnya sebagai obat sembelit, malaria, diabetes, dan penurun tekanan darah tinggi, serta dimanfaatkan sebagai rempah. Hasil studi fitokimia daun dan perikarp menunjukkan adanya kandungan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, fenolik, tanin, steroid, dan terpenoid, tetapi keberadaannya dalam jaringan daun dan perikarp belum pernah diungkapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi struktur anatomi, sekretori, kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder serta keberadaannya di dalam jaringan daun dan perikarp G. forbesii. Penelitian ini diawali dengan analisis struktur anatomi dan struktur sekretori, serta uji histokimia yang meliputi uji alkaloid, lipofilik, fenol, terpenoid, dan flavonoid pada daun dan perikarp. Tumbuhan G. forbesii memiliki daun amfistomatik dengan stomata tipe parasitik. Perikarp G. forbesii tersusun atas tiga lapisan berbeda, yaitu eksokarp, mesokarp, dan endokarp. Kristal kalsium oksalat dengan tipe drus dijumpai pada helai daun, tulang daun, dan perikarp. Struktur sekretori yang dijumpai pada G. forbesii berupa saluran sekretori dan sel idoblas. Saluran sekretori dijumpai tersebar pada jaringan penyusun helai daun dan tulang daun yang meliputi jaringan palisade, jaringan bunga karang, jaringan kolenkim, jaringan parenkim, serta pada perikarp meliputi lapisan eksokarp, mesokarp, dan endokarp. Kerapatan saluran sekretori tertinggi pada perikarp terdapat pada lapisan eksokarp (10,84 mm?²), diikuti oleh lapisan mesokarp (3,81 mm?²), dan kerapatan terendah terdapat pada lapisan endokarp (1,63 mm?²). Lapisan perikarp dengan kerapatan saluran sekretori yang lebih tinggi memiliki ukuran saluran sekretori yang lebih kecil. Sel idioblas dijumpai pada epidermis, jaringan palisade, dan jaringan bunga karang pada helai daun, serta jaringan epidermis daun. Uji histokimia menunjukkan keberadaan senyawa alkaloid, lipofilik, fenol, dan flavonoid pada daun dan perikarp G. forbesii, baik pada struktur sekretori maupun jaringan penyusun.
       
      Red mangosteen (Garcinia forbesii King) is a member of the Clusiaceae family and native to South Kalimantan. G. forbesii is utilized as a remedy for constipation, malaria, diabetes, and high blood pressure, also served as a spice. Phytochemical studies of the leaves and pericarp indicated the presence alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, steroids, and terpenoids. This study aims to identify the anatomical and secretory structures, secondary metabolite content, as well as their locations within the leaf and pericarp tissues of G. forbesii. The research involved analyzing anatomical and secretory structures, alongside histochemical test for alkaloid, lipophilic compound, phenol, terpenoid, and flavonoid in the leaves and pericarp. The leaves of G. forbesii are possesses amphistomatic and possesses parasitic stomata. The pericarp consists of three distinct layers, namely the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. Calcium oxalate crystals in the form of druses are found in the leaf blade, leaf veins, and pericarp. The secretory structures found in G. forbesii are secretory ducts and idioblast cells. Secretory ducts are found scattered throughout the tissues of the leaf blade and midrib, including palisade tissue, spongy tissue, collenchyma tissue, and parenchymal tissue, as well as the pericarp. Which comprises the exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. The highest density of secretory ducts in the pericarp is found in the exocarp layer (10,84 mm?²), followed by the mesocarp layer (3,81 mm?²), while the lowest density is found in the endocarp layer (1,63 mm?²). Pericarp layers with a higher density of secretory ducts have smaller secretory ducts. Idioblast cells are found in the epidermis, palisade tissue, and spongy tissue of the leaf blade, as well as the epidermal tissue of the leave. Histochemical tests showed the presence of alkaloids, lipophilic compounds, phenols, and flavonoids in the leaves and pericarp of G. forbesii, both in the secretory structures and constituent tissues.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/177806
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