Strategi Pengelolaan Ekosistem Lamun di Pulau Tidung Kecil, Kepulauan Seribu

Abstract

Ekosistem lamun memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung fungsi ekologis wilayah pesisir, namun keberadaannya masih menghadapi tekanan dari aktivitas manusia dan perubahan kondisi lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi ekologis ekosistem lamun, kondisi lingkungan perairan, serta merumuskan rekomendasi pengelolaan alternatif ekosistem lamun di Pulau Tidung Kecil, Kepulauan Seribu. Pengambilan data lamun dilakukan pada 10 stasiun menggunakan metode transek kuadrat, sedangkan parameter kualitas perairan diukur secara in situ. Analisis data meliputi persentase tutupan, kerapatan, distribusi, indeks struktur komunitas, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), dan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekosistem lamun tersusun atas empat jenis, yaitu Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, dan Cymodocea rotundata. Tutupan lamun total berkisar antara 28,03–48,30% dan termasuk kategori sedang. Kerapatan lamun tertinggi terdapat pada Stasiun 10, sedangkan terendah pada Stasiun 9. Hasil PCA menunjukkan bahwa variasi kondisi lamun berasosiasi dengan kombinasi parameter kualitas perairan. Hasil AHP menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan lamun, kepatuhan terhadap aturan, dan pemerintah daerah menjadi prioritas utama dalam pengelolaan. Strategi pengelolaan diarahkan pada pemantauan ekologi, peningkatan kepatuhan, dan penguatan koordinasi antar pemangku kepentingan.

Seagrass ecosystems play a vital role in supporting the ecological functions of coastal environments. However, their sustainability continues to be threatened by anthropogenic activities and changes in environmental conditions. This study aimed to analyze the ecological condition of seagrass ecosystems, assess the environmental condition of the surrounding waters, and formulate alternative management recommendations for seagrass ecosystems on Tidung Kecil Island, Kepulauan Seribu. Seagrass data were collected from ten sampling stations using the quadrat transect method, while water quality parameters were measured in situ. Data analysis included seagrass cover percentage, density, distribution pattern, community structure indices, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results revealed that the seagrass ecosystem consisted of four species: Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, and Cymodocea rotundata. Total seagrass cover ranged from 28.03% to 48.30%, indicating a moderate cover category. The highest seagrass density was recorded at Station 10, whereas the lowest density was observed at Station 9. PCA results indicated that variations in seagrass ecological conditions were associated with a combination of water quality parameters. The AHP analysis identified seagrass density, compliance with regulations, and local government as the highest priorities in seagrass ecosystem management. Accordingly, the proposed management strategies focus on ecological monitoring, improving regulatory compliance, and strengthening coordination among stakeholders.