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      Pengaruh Jarak Tanam dan Posisi Bunga terhadap Produksi dan Mutu Benih Bunga Matahari selama Penyimpanan.

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Nurfatimah, Giyanita Wahyu
      Permatasari, Okti Syah Isyani
      Sari, Maryati
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      Abstract
      Tanaman bunga matahari (Helianthus annuus L.) menghasilkan biji dengan kandungan minyak tinggi yang menyebabkan daya simpan benih relatif terbatas. Pengaturan jarak tanam dan pemilihan posisi bunga dalam rangka produksi benih perlu dilakukan untuk memperoleh informasi vigor awal benih. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan jarak tanam dan posisi bunga terbaik dalam menghasilkan benih bunga matahari varietas Helina dengan produksi dan mutu fisiologis yang tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) petak terbagi (split-plot) yang terdiri dari faktor jarak tanam dengan 4 taraf, JA (50 cm x 30 cm), JB (50 cm x 40 cm), JC (50 cm x 50 cm), JD (50 cm x 60 cm) sebagai petak utama. Faktor posisi bunga, 3 taraf yaitu P1 (bunga ke-1), P2 (bunga ke- 2-3), dan P3 (bunga ke- 4-6) dari atas tanaman sebagai anak petak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jarak tanam berpengaruh nyata terhadap diameter disk dan jumlah biji per bunga, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh parameter mutu fisiologis benih. Sebaliknya, posisi bunga berpengaruh nyata terhadap diameter disk, jumlah biji per bunga, bobot biji per bunga, bobot 1000 biji, serta seluruh parameter mutu fisiologis benih. Interaksi jarak tanam dan posisi bunga berpengaruh nyata pada parameter produksi. Jarak tanam JA (50 cm × 30 cm) efektif meningkatkan produksi benih, sedangkan posisi bunga P1 (bunga ke-1) dan P2 (bunga ke- 2-3) menghasilkan mutu benih terbaik berdasarkan seluruh parameter pengujian.
       
      Sunflower plants (Helianthus annuus L.) produce seeds with a high oil content, which results in a relatively limited shelf life. Adjusting planting distances and selecting flower positions for seed production is necessary to obtain information on early seed vigor. This study aimed to determine the optimal planting distance and flower position for producing Helina variety sunflower seeds with high production and physiological quality. This study employed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot arrangement, consisting of the planting distance factor with 4 levels: JA (50 cm × 30 cm), JB (50 cm × 40 cm), JC (50 cm × 50 cm), and JD (50 cm × 60 cm) as the main plots. The flower position factor, with 3 levels—P1 (1st flower), P2 (2nd–3rd flowers), and P3 (4th–6th flowers) from the top of the plant—served as the subplots. The results showed that planting distance had a significant effect on disk diameter and the number of seeds per flower but did not significantly affect all physiological seed quality parameters. Conversely, flower position had a significant effect on disk diameter, number of seeds per flower, seed weight per flower, 1,000-seed weight, and all seed physiological quality parameters. The interaction between planting distance and flower position had a significant effect on production parameters. Planting spacing JA (50 cm × 30 cm) was effective at increasing seed production, while flower positions P1 (1st flower) and P2 (2nd and 3rd flowers) produced the best seed quality based on all parameters.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/177795
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      • UF - Agronomy and Horticulture [7737]

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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
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