Keanekaragaman dan Morfometri Laba-Laba Pemburu Heteropoda spp. (Araneae: Sparassidae) di Kampus Dramaga IPB, Bogor, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Laba-laba pemburu genus Heteropoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) merupakan predator penting dan berpotensi sebagai indikator perubahan lingkungan. Informasi mengenai keanekaragamannya di Kampus IPB Dramaga masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis keanekaragaman, mengkaji pola persebaran komunitas di area kampus IPB Dramaga, serta melakukan analisis morfometrik Heteropoda. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada tiga lokasi, yaitu Kolam Percobaan FPIK, Jalan Cendana, dan Taman Hutan Kampus, menggunakan metode road sampling pada malam hari. Identifikasi genus Heteropoda dilakukan berdasarkan morfologi tungkai dan tagmata. Identifikasi spesies dilakukan berdasarkan karakter morfologi genital. Analisis keanekaragaman menggunakan indeks Margalef, Shannon–Wiener, Pielou, dan Chao1, serta analisis persebaran menggunakan Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) dengan indeks Bray Curtis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan enam spesies Heteropoda dengan total 87 individu, dengan H. homstu sebagai spesies dominan dan tersebar di seluruh lokasi. Spesies laba-laba pemburu yang ditemukan ialah H. homstu, H. strasseni, H. ocyalina, H. javana, H. martinae, dan H. venatoria. Nilai indeks Shannon–Wiener menunjukkan tingkat keanekaragaman sedang (1.56), sementara indeks Margalef menunjukkan tingkat kekayaan jenis rendah (1.12) pada ketiga lokasi. Indeks Chao1 mengindikasikan bahwa upaya sampling telah cukup representatif. Analisis NMDS menunjukkan bahwa komunitas Heteropoda di Taman Hutan Kampus dan Cendana memiliki komposisi spesies yang relatif mirip, sedangkan Kolam Percobaan membentuk komunitas yang berbeda.

Huntsman spiders of the genus Heteropoda (Araneae: Sparassidae) are important predators and have potential as indicators of environmental change. Information regarding their diversity at the IPB Dramaga Campus remains limited. This study aimed to identify and analyze the diversity of Heteropoda, examine the distribution patterns of their communities across the IPB Dramaga Campus, and morphometric analysis of Heteropoda. Sampling was conducted at three locations, namely the FPIK Experimental Pond, Cendana street, and the Campus Forest Park, using the road sampling method at night. Identification of the genus Heteropoda was based on leg and tagmata morphology, while species identification was performed using genital morphological characters. Diversity analyses were conducted using the Margalef, Shannon–Wiener, Pielou, and Chao1 indices, whereas community distribution patterns were analyzed using Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) based on the Bray–Curtis index. The results revealed six Heteropoda species comprising a total of 87 individuals, with Heteropoda homstu being the dominant species and occurring at all sampling locations. The species recorded were H. homstu, H. strasseni, H. ocyalina, H. javana, H. martinae, and H. venatoria. The Shannon Wiener diversity index indicated a moderate level of diversity (H' = 1.56), while the Margalef index showed a low level of species richness (Dmg = 1.12) across the study sites. The Chao1 index suggested that the sampling effort was sufficiently representative of the existing species diversity. NMDS analysis showed that the Heteropoda communities in the Campus Forest Park and Cendana Road had relatively similar species compositions, whereas the Experimental Pond supported a distinct community composition.