Pengaruh Aktivitas Antropogenik terhadap Kualitas Air Sungai Sumber Wayuh di Kota Blitar

Abstract

Sungai Sumber Wayuh Kota Blitar dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai kebutuhan masyarakat, namun aktivitas antropogenik seperti limbah industri tahu, domestik, dan peternakan berpotensi menurunkan kualitas perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh aktivitas antropogenik terhadap dinamika parameter fisika, kimia, dan biologi Sungai Sumber Wayuh Kota Blitar. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada tiga zona pengamatan yaitu Hulu, tengah, dan hilir menggunakan metode purposive sampling dan grab sampling. Parameter fisika dan kimia yang dianalisis meliputi total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dan amonia. Parameter biologi dianalisis berdasarkan struktur komunitas plankton. Status mutu air ditentukan menggunakan metode Indeks Pencemaran (IP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan kualitas air dari Hulu menuju tengah dan hilir yang ditandai dengan peningkatan TSS, BOD, COD, dan amonia serta penurunan DO. Nilai IP pada zona Hulu sebesar 1,98 tergolong tercemar ringan, sedangkan zona tengah dan hilir masing-masing sebesar 8,42 dan 6,68 tergolong tercemar sedang. Keanekaragaman plankton di Hulu lebih tinggi dibandingkan tengah dan hilir, dengan dominasi genus Oscillatoria pada seluruh zona pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antropogenik memengaruhi kualitas fisika, kimia, dan biologi Sungai Sumber Wayuh Kota Blitar

Sumber Wayuh River in Blitar City is used to meet various community needs, but anthropogenic activities such as industrial (tofu production), domestic, and livestock waste have the potential to degrade water quality. This study aims to analyze the impact of anthropogenic activities on the dynamics of the physical, chemical, and biological parameters of the Sumber Wayuh River in Blitar City. Sampling was conducted in three observation zones upstream, middle, and downstream using purposive sampling and grab sampling methods. The physical and chemical parameters analyzed include total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonia. Biological parameters were analyzed based on plankton community structure. Water quality status was determined using the pollution index (PI) method. The results of the study indicate a decline in water quality from the upstream to the middle and downstream zones, characterized by increases in TSS, BOD, COD, and ammonia, as well as a decrease in DO. The IP value in the upstream zone was 1,98, classified as slightly polluted, while the middle and downstream zones were 8,42 and 6,68, respectively classified as moderately polluted. Plankton diversity in the upstream zone was higher than in the middle and downstream zones, with the genus Oscillatoria dominating in all observation zones. The results of the study indicate that anthropogenic activities affect the physical, chemical, and biological quality of the Sumber Wayuh River in Blitar City