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      INDUKSI EMBRIO SOMATIK PADA KALUS JERUK SIAM BERASTAGI (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) MENGGUNAKAN 2,4-D SERTA BAP SECARA IN VITRO

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Kusumawardhani, Ardelia Safa
      Rahayu, Megayani Sri
      Efendi, Darda
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      Abstract
      Jeruk siam berastagi (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) merupakan komoditas unggulan di Kabupaten Karo, Sumatera Utara. Indonesia mengalami penurunan produksi jeruk siam sebesar 14,29% pada tahun 2024. Perbanyakan jeruk di perkebunan masih menghadapi berbagai kendala seperti fluktuasi cuaca, serangan hama dan penyakit. Diperlukan metode perbanyakan jeruk yang cepat dan berkualitas, salah satu nya dengan kultur jaringan tanaman melalui embriogenesis somatik untuk menyediakan bibit berkualitas secara cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh berbagai konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) BAP dan 2,4-D terhadap pembentukan embrio somatik jeruk siam berastagi secara in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2025 hingga Maret 2026 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Tanaman 1, IPB. Percobaan disusun menggunakan dua faktor kombinasi ZPT, yaitu konsentrasi 2,4-D (0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 mg L?¹ ) dan BAP (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 mg L?¹ ) dengan tiga ulangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA taraf 5% dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi nyata antara kedua ZPT terhadap parameter luas dan bobot kalus. Faktor konsentrasi 2,4-D berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap luas dan bobot kalus, pada kondisi tanpa auksin eksogen (2,4-D 0,0 mg L?¹ ) menghasilkan pertumbuhan terbaik dengan luas kalus 3,163 cm2 dan bobot 0,68 g pada 12 minggu setelah tanam (MST). Faktor BAP berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap bobot kalus dengan bobot tertinggi dicapai pada konsentrasi 0,5 mg L?¹ sebesar 0,45 g, penambahan BAP hingga dosis tinggi (1,5 mg L?¹ ) menurunkan bobot kalus. Seluruh kombinasi perlakuan menghasilkan tekstur kalus yang remah.
       
      Berastagi Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) is a leading commodity in Karo Regency, North Sumatra. Indonesia experienced a 14,29% decline in siam orange production in 2024. Citrus propagation in plantations still faces various constraints such as weather fluctuations and pest and disease attacks. A rapid and high-quality citrus propagation method is needed, one of which is plant tissue culture through somatic embryogenesis to provide quality seedlings quickly. This study aimed to examine the effect of various concentrations of plant growth regulators BAP and 2,4-D on somatic embryo formation of berastagi mandarin in vitro. The research was conducted from October 2025 to March 2026 at the Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory 1, IPB University. The experiment was arranged using two plant growth regulators combination factors, 2,4-D concentration (0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 mg L?¹ ) and BAP (0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 mg L?¹ ) with three replications. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at the 5% level, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed no significant interaction between the two plant growth regulators on callus area and weight parameters. The 2,4-D concentration factor had a highly significant effect on callus area and weight, with the absence of exogenous auxin (0,0 mg L?¹ 2,4-D) producing the best growth, with a callus area of 3,163 cm² and a weight of 0,68 g at 12 weeks after culture. The BAP factor had a highly significant effect on callus weight, with the highest weight achieved at a concentration of 0,5 mg L?¹ (0,45 g); increasing BAP to a higher dose (1,5 mg L?¹ ) decreased callus weight. All treatment combinations produced friable callus texture.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/177670
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      • UF - Agronomy and Horticulture [7724]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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