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      Pengaruh Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional terhadap Pengeluaran Kesehatan Mandiri Per Kapita secara Regional di Indonesia

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Jannah, Miftahul
      Pasaribu, Syamsul Hidayat
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      Abstract
      Out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure remains a challenge to achieving financial protection in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the effect of the National Health Insurance (NHI) program on regional per capita OOP health expenditure in Indonesia. The study employs panel data from 32 provinces over the 2021-2025 period and estimates the models using the Fixed Effects Model (FEM) with robust standard errors. Model 1 uses NHI coverage as the main independent variable, while Model 2 uses per capita NHI claim value. The results show that NHI coverage has no significant effect on per capita OOP health expenditure, whereas per capita NHI claim value has a significant negative effect. In addition, only the healthcare facility ratio has a significant positive effect, while gross regional domestic product (GRDP) per capita, average years of schooling, and the COVID19 pandemic dummy variable are not statistically significant. These findings suggest that the financial benefits provided through NHI play a more important role in reducing OOP health expenditure than insurance coverage alone.
       
      Pengeluaran kesehatan mandiri masih menjadi tantangan dalam mewujudkan perlindungan finansial di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN) terhadap pengeluaran kesehatan mandiri per kapita secara regional di Indonesia menggunakan data panel 32 provinsi periode 2021-2025 dengan metode Fixed Effect Model (FEM)-robust standard error. Model 1 menggunakan persentase kepemilikan JKN, sedangkan Model 2 menggunakan nilai klaim JKN per kapita sebagai variabel utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan JKN tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pengeluaran kesehatan mandiri, sedangkan nilai klaim JKN per kapita berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan. Selain itu, hanya rasio fasilitas kesehatan yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, sementara PDRB per kapita, rata-rata lama sekolah, dan dummy pandemi Covid-19 tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa manfaat pembiayaan melalui JKN lebih berperan dalam menurunkan pengeluaran kesehatan mandiri dibandingkan kepemilikan JKN semata.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/177644
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      • UF - Economics and Development Studies [3299]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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