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      POTENSI DAMPAK AGREEMENT ON RECIPROCAL TRADE TERHADAP KOMODITAS JAGUNG DI INDONESIA

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Siregar, Jessica Carisa
      Sahara
      Azijah, Zulva
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      Abstract
      Perjanjian timbal balik mewajibkan Indonesia menetapkan komitmen impor jagung asal Amerika Serikat sebesar 100 ribu metrik ton per tahun melalui mekanisme persetujuan otomatis, terlepas dari neraca jagung nasional yang surplus. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keterkaitan dan pengganda sektor jagung serta dampak kenaikan biaya impor terhadap sektor penggunanya. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Tabel Input-Output Indonesia 2020, dengan Matriks Leontief untuk mengukur keterkaitan dan pengganda, serta Model Ghosh untuk menangkap transmisi kenaikan biaya pada sisi penawaran. Pendekatan ini mengungkap bahwa kewajiban ART tidak hanya menambah volume impor, tetapi juga berpotensi mengubah komposisi negara asal impor ke sumber yang secara historis lebih mahal. Pergeseran tersebut berpotensi meningkatkan biaya pada lima sektor dengan dampak tertinggi. Pemerintah perlu mengaveluasi kembali perjanjian dan memitigasi dampak demi menjaga stabilitas pasar.
       
      Agreement on Reciprocal Trade (ART) to establish a commitment to import 100 thousand metric tons of corn from the United States annually through an automatic approval mechanism, regardless of the surplus condition of the national corn balance. This study aims to analyze the intersectoral linkages and multiplier effects of the corn sector, as well as the impact of increased import costs on sectors utilizing corn as an input. The analysis was conducted using the 2020 Indonesian Input-Output Table, employing the Leontief Matrix to measure sectoral linkages and multiplier effects, and the Ghosh Model to capture the transmission of cost increases from the supply side. The approach reveals that the ART commitment not only increases import volumes but also has the potential to alter the composition of import sources toward suppliers with historically higher prices. This shift has the potential to increase costs in the five sectors experiencing the highest impacts. The government should review existing policies and mitigate impacts to market stability.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/177613
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      • UF - Economics and Development Studies [3299]

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