Hubungan Model Arsitektur Pohon dan Kenyamanan Iklim Mikro di Lingkungan Kampus IPB

Abstract

Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) memiliki fungsi ekologis yang dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik vegetasi, khususnya model arsitektur pohon yang berperan dalam membentuk struktur tajuk dan distribusi cahaya, namun keterkaitan keduanya masih jarang dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi model arsitektur pohon di Kampus IPB Dramaga serta menganalisis pengaruhnya terhadap iklim mikro di beberapa lokasi taman kampus. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada November 2025 hingga Februari 2026 di lima lokasi pengamatan menggunakan plot berukuran 20 m × 10 m dengan metode eksplorasi. Komponen iklim mikro yang diukur meliputi suhu udara, intensitas cahaya, kelembapan relatif, dan kecepatan angin, yang selanjutnya dianalisis tingkat kenyamanannya menggunakan Temperature Humidity Index (THI). Hasil penelitian menemukan 31 individu pohon dari 14 spesies dan 10 famili dengan sembilan model arsitektur, yaitu Scarrone, Troll, Rauh, Leeuwenberg, Roux, Massart, Prevost, Koriba, dan Attims. Adanya efek naungan dari seluruh model arsitektur pohon berpengaruh terhadap penurunan suhu udara, intensitas cahaya, dan kecepatan angin, serta peningkatan kelembapan relatif udara di bawah tajuk. Nilai THI seluruh model berada pada kisaran 25,14–27,77 sehingga seluruh lokasi penelitian masih tergolong nyaman (THI < 29), dengan Roux, Scarrone, dan Leeuwenberg sebagai model yang paling efektif dalam menciptakan kenyamanan lingkungan karena memiliki tajuk yang lebar dan rapat.

Green open spaces provide ecological functions influenced by vegetation characteristics, particularly tree architectural models that play a role in shaping canopy structure and light distribution. However, the correlation between the two remains rarely studied. This study aimed to identify tree architectural models at IPB University Dramaga Campus and analyze their influence on the microclimate in several campus park locations. The study was conducted from November 2025 to February 2026 at five observation sites using 20 m × 10 m plots with an exploratory method. Microclimate components measured included air temperature, light intensity, relative humidity, and wind speed, which were further analyzed using the Temperature Humidity Index (THI). The results identified 31 individual trees from 14 species and 10 families with nine architectural models, namely Scarrone, Troll, Rauh, Leeuwenberg, Roux, Massart, Prevost, Koriba, and Attims. All architectural models produced a shading effect that contributed to reductions in air temperature, light intensity, and wind speed, as well as an increase in relative humidity beneath the canopy. THI values ranged from 25,14–27,77, indicating all study sites were classified as comfortable (THI < 29), with Roux, Scarrone, and Leeuwenberg being the most effective models in creating environmental comfort due to their wide and dense canopies.