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      Evaluasi Keragaman dan Kemurnian Genetik Tujuh Genotipe Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Berdasarkan Karakter Morfoagronomi

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      SANTOSO, CLARISSA AURELLIA RAHARJO
      Suwarno, Willy Bayuardi
      Gunawan, Endang
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      Abstract
      Melon (Cucumis melo L.) merupakan komoditas bernilai ekonomi tinggi yang pengembangannya memiliki berbagai tantangan dalam aspek luas panen, produksi, perubahan iklim, serangan hama dan penyakit, hingga ketersediaan varietas dan benih. Upaya perbaikan karakter melalui pemuliaan tanaman menjadi salah satu langkah solutif dalam pengembangan melon sebagai produk unggulan. Efektivitas perbaikan karakter tanaman dipengaruhi oleh informasi keragaman dan kemurnian genetik pada tetua persilangan. Kedua informasi tersebut dapat diperoleh berdasarkan keragaan morfoagronomi tanaman sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi keragaman dan kemurnian genetik berdasarkan karakter morfoagronomi pada enam genotipe melon koleksi PKHT IPB dengan Alisha F1 sebagai varietas pembanding. Keragaman genetik dievaluasi menggunakan analisis deskriptif, sidik ragam, analisis korelasi, koefisien keragaman, nilai heritabilitas, dan analisis gerombol, sedangkan kemurnian genetik dievaluasi dengan pendekatan tipe simpang dan standar deviasi relatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keragaman antargenotipe dengan tingkat disimilaritas sebesar 0,26–0,65; koefisien keragaman genetik 0,021–0,552; dan nilai heritabilitas arti luas >50 %. Evaluasi kemurnian genetik menunjukkan tidak ada genotipe yang seragam pada seluruh karakter morfoagronomi yang diamati. Genotipe IPB-M1, IPB-M21, dan IPB-M23 memiliki satu karakter tidak seragam; Snow White dan IPB-M13 memiliki lima karakter tidak seragam; dan IPB-M7 memiliki satu individu tipe simpang dan sebelas karakter tidak seragam.
       
      Melon (Cucumis melo L.), a high-value horticulture crop, faces various challenges in harvest area, production, climate change, pest, disease, and the availability of varieties and seeds. Plant breeding is one of the strategies for developing melon as a key commodity. The effectiveness of improving plant traits is influenced by information on genetic variability and purity of parental lines used for crossing. Both types of information can be obtained using morphoagronomic traits, so this study aimed to evaluate genetic variability and purity using morphoagronomic traits in six melon genotypes from PKHT IPB and Alisha F1 as a reference variety. Genetic variability was evaluated using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, coefficient of variation, heritability value, and cluster analysis, while genetic purity was assessed on the basis of the off-type and relative variance method. The results showed that the intergenotype had dissimilarity levels of 0,26–0,65; genetic coefficients of variance 0,021–0,552; and broad-sense heritability values >50%. The evaluation of genetic purity indicated that no genotype was uniform for all morphoagronomic traits. IPB-M1, IPB-M21, and IPB-M23 had one non-uniform trait; Snow White and IPB-M13 had five non-uniform traits; and IPB-M7 had one off-type plant and eleven non-uniform traits.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/177441
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      • UF - Agronomy and Horticulture [7721]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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