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      Potensi Dampak Agreement on Reciprocal Trade terhadap Komoditas Kapas di Indonesia

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      SIREGAR, EBENEZER
      Sahara
      Azijah, Zulva
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      Abstract
      Agreement on Reciprocal Trade (ART) mewajibkan Indonesia membeli kapas asal Amerika Serikat sebesar 163 ribu metrik ton per tahun melalui kebijakan purchasing commitment. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keterkaitan sektoral dan pengganda pada sektor tanaman serat serta benang, sekaligus menganalisis simulasi dampak kenaikan biaya impor kapas terhadap sektor penggunanya. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Tabel Input-Output Indonesia 2020 klasifikasi 185 produk, dengan Matriks Leontief untuk mengukur keterkaitan dan pengganda, serta Model Ghosh untuk menganalisis transmisi kenaikan biaya pada sisi penawaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komitmen ART tidak hanya akan menambah volume impor, tetapi juga menggeser komposisi negara asal impor dari dominasi Brazil menuju Amerika Serikat. Sektor benang memiliki keterkaitan dan pengganda ekonomi yang lebih besar dibandingkan sektor tanaman serat, sehingga berperan sebagai penghubung utama antara kapas dan industri tekstil dan produk tekstil (TPT). Pergeseran tersebut memicu kenaikan biaya tertinggi pada sektor benang sebesar 12,81% yang menjalar ke sektor tekstil dan pakaian jadi. Pemerintah perlu memfokuskan mitigasi dampak ART pada sektor benang sebagai titik intervensi utama dalam rantai nilai TPT.
       
      The Agreement on Reciprocal Trade (ART) mandates Indonesia to purchase 163 thousand metric tons of raw cotton per year from the United States through a purchasing commitment policy. This study aims to analyze the sectoral linkages and multipliers of the fiber crops and yarn sectors, while simultaneously simulating the impact of rising cotton import costs on downstream user sectors. The analysis is conducted using the 2020 Indonesian Input-Output Table classified into 185 products, employing the Leontief Matrix to measure linkages and multipliers, and the Ghosh Model to analyze supply-side cost transmissions. The empirical results indicate that the ART commitment will not only increase total import volume but also shift the composition of import origin from Brazilian dominance toward the United States. The yarn sector exhibits larger economic linkages and multipliers compared to the fiber crops sector, thereby serving as the primary bridge between raw cotton and the textile and textile products (TPT) industry. This shift triggers the highest cost increase in the yarn sector by 12.81%, which subsequently propagates to the textile and apparel sectors. Consequently, the government needs to focus its ART impact mitigation strategies on the yarn sector as the primary point of intervention within the TPT value chain.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/177413
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      • UF - Economics and Development Studies [3286]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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