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      Pengaruh Skarifikasi dan Sterilisasi terhadap Viabilitas dan Vigor Benih Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)

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      Date
      2026
      Author
      Azzuhriyah, Aminah
      Sari, Maryati
      Rosyad, Astryani
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      Abstract
      Okra merupakan tanaman hortikultura bernilai ekonomi tinggi, namun budidayanya terkendala oleh dormansi fisik akibat kulit benih yang keras. Skarifikasi merupakan metode pematahan dormansi yang dilakukan untuk mempercepat dan menyerempakan perkecambahan benih keras. Sterilisasi dapat dilakukan untuk menurunkan kontaminasi patogen yang ada pada benih. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh perlakuan skarifikasi dan sterilisasi terhadap viabilitas, vigor, dan kesehatan benih okra. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap split plot. Faktor skarifikasi (tanpa amplas dan pengamplasan) sebagai petak utama dan tujuh taraf sterilisasi (kontrol, jemur, NaClO, alkohol 70%, fungisida berbahan aktif Mankozeb, air panas 54±2 °C, dan pemanasan oven 60 °C) sebagai anak petak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan skarifikasi dengan pengamplasan hanya meningkatkan nilai potensi tumbuh maksimum, tidak meningkatkan daya berkecambah maupun vigor benih okra lanras Jember secara signifikan. Perlakuan sterilisasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh parameter mutu benih. Sterilisasi menggunakan fungisida merupakan metode terbaik dalam menekan kontaminasi cendawan Fusarium sp. tanpa menurunkan mutu fisiologis benih. Interaksi kedua perlakuan hanya menjaga nilai vigor benih okra lanras Jember, belum meningkatkannya secara signifikan. Sebagian metode sterilisasi aman digunakan pada benih yang telah diskarifikasi kecuali metode sterilisasi menggunakan NaClO hanya dapat digunakan pada benih tanpa skarifikasi.
       
      Okra is a horticultural crop with high economic value, but its cultivation is hindered by physical dormancy due to the hard seed coat. Scarification is a method of breaking dormancy used to accelerate and synchronize the germination of hard seeds. Sterilization can be performed to reduce pathogen contamination in the seeds. This study aims to analyze the effects of scarification and sterilization treatments on the viability, vigor, and health of okra seeds. The experiment used a split-plot completely randomized design. The scarification factor (with or without sandpaper and sanding) served as the main plot, and seven sterilization treatments (control, sun-drying, NaClO, 70% alcohol, fungicide with the active ingredient mancozeb, hot water at 54±2 °C, and oven heating at 60 °C) served as subplots. The results showed that scarification treatment with sanding only increased the maximum growth potential but did not significantly improve the germination rate or vigor of Jember-variety okra seeds. Sterilization treatments had a significant effect on all seed quality parameters. Sterilization using fungicides was the best method for suppressing contamination by Fusarium sp. fungi without reducing the physiological quality of the seeds. The interaction of these two treatments only maintained the vigor of Jember-variety okra seeds; it did not significantly increase it. Most sterilization methods are safe to use on scarified seeds, except for the NaClO sterilization method, which can only be used on unscarified seeds.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/177318
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      • UF - Agronomy and Horticulture [7726]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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